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Constitution 2
The Constitution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| he was expected to lead the country, he was popular and could possibly be king but he voluntarily gave up power | George Washington |
| the major problem that they faced was whether to remain 13 separated states or to become _____ _________ | one nation |
| being one geographic unit on the east coast, had no tradition of hostility toward each other, and cooperated in a common effort for independence were all factors that encouraged | unity |
| because the people were divided by strong loyalties to their individual states, occupied large areas, lacking close contact, poor roads, not interdependent economically and no longer had a common enemy were reason for | separation |
| Most people agreed the new government should be a ____________ by the ________ | government, people |
| they favored a government run by the people through their representatives - this was called a | republic |
| people believed in a republic but differed on how much _________ ordinary citizens should have in _____________ the Republic | influence, governing |
| The years of 1781 to 1789 were a critical period for the country due to ________ _______ and ________ ________ | economic distress and political disunity |
| the colonies lost trade with the West _______ and favored trade status with _________ markets | Indies, English |
| When the War ended, the demand for ______ ended, __________ prices went down, there was un_________ in the cities and __________ were unpaid for their wartime service | goods, agricultural, employment, soldiers |
| Congress had a lack of control over ________, each state issued its own, some issued large amounts backed by nothing | currency |
| The value of money declined, prices rose, cheap money helped debtors pay back loans easily, the lack of uniform currency made merchants reluctant to do business outside their own | states |
| after the war __________ became a major issue | debt |
| Their were many quarrels over __________ and Congress was unable to control trade | commerce |
| in 1781 the Continental Congress adopted a set of laws establishing a limited National Government, they were called the | Articles of Confederation |
| The document created a league of 13 independent states but the document was ______ and unable to maintain order at home, unable to command respect from foreign countries and did not improve economic conditions | weak |
| the propertied and business groups were bothered by the Articles __________ | weaknesses |
| The Articles provided Congress a _____ house legislature with each state casting one _____ | one, vote |
| under the articles, to enact a law _____ out of thirteen votes were needed | nine |
| There was no provision for a chief____________ | executive |
| _______ enforcement was left up to each state | law |
| There were no central ______ to handle disputes between citizens of different states | courts |
| required in order to amend the articles, a __________ vote of all 13 states | unanimous |
| the government had no power to levy ________ | taxes |
| the government had no power to raise an _____ | army |
| each state set its own tariffs and regulations when it came to ____________ commerce, the government had no power over it | Interstate |
| the government had no control over ___________ commerce, each state maintained its own tariff and countries refused commercial treaties realizing that congress had no power to enforce them | foreign |
| The country under the Articles had no respect abroad and was ineffective dealing with foreign ____________ | governments |
| Achievements under the Articles included, bringing the revolution to a close, negotiating the Treaty of Paris of 1783, kept the states united in name and passed the Land Ordinance of 1785 and the __________ ___________ of 1787 | Northwest Ordinance |
| The ratification of the articles was delayed by ___________ until states with western claims ceded the lands to the central government | Maryland |
| provided that western lands would be surveyed and divided into square townships of 36 sections each, each section one square mile, the land would be sold in 640 acre sections for a minimum of $1 dollar an acre, this act was called | The Land Ordinance of 1785 |
| This entire territory would be divided into no less than three but not more than five territories under the _______________ ____________ OF ______ | Northwest Ordinance of 1787 |
| The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 established a _________ for the admission of new states | precedent |
| a ___________ is something done or said that becomes an example, rule or a tradition to be followed | precedent |
| Know the details of the Land Ordinance of 1785 and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | |
| a plan of government that describes the different parts of the government and their duties and powers is called a | Constitution |
| Most __________ adopted their own constitutions | states |
| Those who wanted to strengthen the National government were called | Nationalists |
| The Nationalists were educated and knew that ______________ governments failed and became chaotic and then tyrannical and felt this could happen to the US if the National government was not strong | republican |
| In 1786 the Nationalists met in Maryland to discuss economic plans that could not be resolved by the articles including interstate and foreign trade, the meeting was called the | Annapolis Convention |
| Only 12 delegates from five states attended the Annapolis Convention and they agreed to call another convention in _______________ the following year in 1787 to fix the government | Philadelphia |
| the wealthy who lent money to the states began to demand their money back and pressed for taxes to pay off debt, Massachusetts passed the heaviest tax which had to be paid with _______ that is gold or silver coin | specie (scarce and more valuable than money) |
| because of this tax western farmers were the hardest hit and were losing their farms, the farmers were led by a Rev War vet who was facing jail for debt, he led a rebellion that was called | Shays rebellion named after the leader Daniel Shays |
| The most important impact of Shay's rebellion was that it showed that the ________ __________ needed to be strengthened | National Government |
| The _____________ ___________ was held in Philadelphia | Constitutional Convention |
| Delegates were invited from all states and 55 delegates form all states except ________ ________ | Rhode Island |
| _______ _________ attended every meeting, taking numerous notes and became our source for what happened at the convention | James Madison |
| Madison became known as the _________ of the _______________ | Father, Constitution |
| George Washington was elected the ________ of the convention | President |
| There was a major division at the convention, whether to ______ or __________ the articles and those who wanted to abandon them | amend, revise |
| most agreed on the need for a stronger government and some felt that they should start from scratch, the convention was only _________________ to amend the articles, replacing them would mean they overstepped their authority | empowered |
| Madison and others who wanted a new government and brought a new plan with them called the | Virginia Plan |
| The Virginia Plan was submitted by | Edmund Randolph |
| The plan called for the creation of a ____________ or two house legislature with representation based on population which favored the ________ states | bicameral, larger |
| The new legislature had the power to ______ and to regulate foreign and _________ commerce | tax, interstate |
| The Virginia plan gave the legislature the power to veto or prohibit from becoming a law any act of a ________ legislature | state |
| If a state defied National Authority the National Government had the right to use _____ | force |
| also in addition to the legislature the plan added the __________ and ____________ branch | executive, judicial |
| The smaller states opposed the Virginia Plan as they feared they would have little power in the new government, a new plan was offered by William Patterson and it was called the | New Jersey Plan |
| The NJ plan gave Congress the power to tax, regulate foreign and interstate commerce, created an executive and Judicial branch but created a legislature that was ____________ where all states had equal power | unicameral |
| The NJ Plan was like the _________ __ ____________ which kept the states more powerful than the National Government | Articles of Confederation |
| The central difference between the two plans was _____________ in Congress | representation |
| The congress voted on the plans and the vote was split between the two, a solution was offered that dealt with representation and is known as the ________ ___________ or the _____________ plan | Great Compromise, Connecticut |
| The Great Compromise, created two houses like the Va. Plan, the __________ where each state regardless of size had the same number of representatives | Senate |
| The Connecticut plan also offered the _______ of ______________ where the number of seats was based on population | House of REPRESENTATIVES |
| The Great Compromise was approved on July 16th,1787 resolving the issue of __________ | representation |
| As the process continued the South was concerned that when calculating population how would the enslaved people be counted with regard to representation, they wanted one for one, the compromise was known as the | Three fifths compromise |
| The 3/5's compromise stated that 3/5's of the states slave population would be counted to determine | representation |
| basically because of this compromise each slave counted as ________ of a person | 3/5's |
| The slaves were counted for representation but they were excluded from government | participation |
| The constitution was flexible to adapt to social, economic, political and technological changes and it has only been amended ______ times | 27 |
| power can corrupt, the framers of the constitution divided the power in two ways, -_________ AND _______ | Federal and State |
| The Government the Constitution created was called the __________ government | Federal |
| Federal government power is shared among federal and _________ powers | state |
| The powers granted the the Federal government are called _________ powers | delegated |
| Those powers not specifically granted the Federal government belong to the states and they are called __________ powers | reserved |
| Those powers that are shared by both the Federal and State Governments are called _________ powers | concurrent |
| An example of concurrent powers are _______ which most people are not happy about | taxes |
| The Constitution created __________ of ____________ among the three branches to keep power under control with each branch having their own area of authority | separation of powers |
| The Constitution also set up the system of _______ and __________ which gives each branch the power to stop or check the others in certain ways | Checks, balances |
| One example of checks and balance is that the President can _____ acts of Congress | veto |
| Veto is latin and means I | forbid |
| An example of checks and balances relating to Congress is that they can overturn a veto of the President by a ________ vote of each House of the legislature | 2/3's |
| The Judicial branch can check both branches by declaring a law | unconstitutional |
| separation of powers preserved and limited the ________ control over the government | people's |
| The House of Reps is directly responsible to the people as they are directly elected to _____ year terms | two |
| Originally the Senate was elected by the _______ legislatures not by the people | state |
| The election of the Senators was changed by the ______ amendment, who serve for six years, 1/3 of the Senate is re-elected every two years | 17th |
| The House had powers the Senate did not have, all bills dealing with ________ had to be introduced in the House | money |
| when combined the House and Senate are known as the | congress |
| Congress could coin money, declare _____, raise an army, provide a navy and regulate _______ | war, commerce |
| The framers included a clause that has been used to fit many situations not covered specifically by the constitution and it is called the | elastic clause |
| The elastic clause translates into the Congress had the authority to pass any laws _________ to carry out is duties | necessary |
| The powers of the President include overall command of the armed forces and the power to _____ acts of Congress | veto |
| The President served a ______ term and could be ___________ re-elected | four, continuously |
| the number of years a President can serve was set by the_____ amendment in 1951 | 22nd |
| The election of the President by the people is ___________ | indirect |
| The President is elected by a vote of electors from each state, the number of electors equals the number of _______________ in Congress, with the candidate receiving the majority of electoral votes becoming President | representatives |
| The process of electors from each state electing the President is called the | Electoral College |
| In our early History if there was no clear majority then the election moves to the _______, each state had one vote and voting continues until one candidate receives a majority | House |
| The election went to the house of representatives in the elections of ______ and _______ | 1800 and 1824 |
| The Constitution called for a _______ court system, with the judges selected by the President with the advice and consent of the | National, Senate |
| Federal judges serve for ______ unless they act dishonorably | life |
| Approval of the Constitution was called _________ and required ______ of the 13 states | ratification, 9 |
| State legislatures did not vote for ratification of the Constitution, special conventions were held since state legislature would be voting to _______ their powers | reduce |
| _____________ favored the Constitution and wanted a stong National Government | Federalists |
| to drum up support the Federalists supporters wrote a series of 85 essays called the | Federalist papers |
| The papers appeared in NYC newspapers, the authors of the paper were Alexander ________, John _____ and James _________ | Alexander Hamilton, John Jay and James Madison |
| The papers were recognized as a sophisticated explanation of a new _________ system and offered a defense of the Constitution | political |
| An example of the papers was Federalist #____ which answered the fear regarding special interest groups or factions | 10 |
| a group that is concerned only with its own interest is called a _________, Madison in paper #10 stated that no single faction would be able to control the government | faction |
| Those who opposed the Constitution were called | Anti-Federalists |
| Anti-Federalist believed that the Constitution threatened ________ governments and the rights of individuals | state |
| Antifederalist support came from isolated regions where protecting __________ was not a major concern | commerce |
| Anti-Federalists saw the constitution as a betrayal of the ____________ with the President being like a King | Revolution |
| Federalists feared the _________ more than the government and the Anti-Federalists feared the _______ more than the people | people, government |
| Anti-Federalists, objected to the ____________, the Federal Court System, and feared that the local and state governments would be crushed by the new government | Presidency |
| Ratification required nine votes, the ninth state that ratified the Constitution was ___________________ | New Hampshire |
| The last state to ratify the Constitution was ______________ | Rhode Island |
| ratification of the Constitution was close but was helped by the fact that the Federalists offered to support several | Amendments |
| ___________ were proposed to protect citizens rights, and ten were ratified taking effect on December 15th 1791 | twelve |
| The ten amendments ratified became known as the | Bill of Rights |
| Federalists saw no need for amendments, with Hamilton writing Federalist paper #____ which stated that the people surrender nothing | 84 |
| One big supporter of the Bill of Rights who was in Paris during the convention was | Thomas Jefferson |
| The Virginian that is known as the Father of the Bill of Rights was | George Mason |
| Submitted the Great Compromise (aka the The Connecticut Plan) | Roger Sherman |
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pattone