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Biology Bactera etc
Stack #39017
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The science of grouping and naming organisms is _____. | taxonomy |
| A step-by-step way to identify an organism using a series of paired descriptions is called a _____. | dichotomous key |
| Animals that are warm blooded, have body hair, and produce milk for their young are in a class called _____. | Mammalian |
| Double naming system introduced by Linnaeus is called _____. | binomial nomenclature |
| Any level of organization in taxonomy is called a | taxon. |
| Round bacteria are called | cocci (they live as individual cells or clusters) |
| Rod shaped bacteria are called | bacilli (live as individual cells or chains) |
| Spiral shaped bacteria are called | spirilla |
| A disease causing organism is called a | pathogen |
| cells that do not have a membrane bound nucleus are | prokaryotes |
| cells that do have a membrane bound bucleus are | eukaryotes |
| organisms that make their own food are called | autotrophs |
| organisms that cannot make their own food and must consume food are called | heterotrophs |
| outer protein coat of a virus is called a | caspid |
| a non-living parasite is called a | virus |
| a cell bursting to release viruses | lysis |
| a virus cycle where virus injects its DNA into a cell, it multiplies and causes the cell to burst releasing many viruses and cell dies is called a ____ cycle. | lytic |
| A virus cycle where virus injects its DNA into a cell, it reproduces slowly, but does not cause the cell to burst and die is called a ___ cycle. | lysogenic |
| An antibotic that causes holes to form in the cell wall of bacteria so that it dies by osmosis is called | penicillin |
| List the seven taxons of the classification system from largest to smallest. | Kingdom - Phylum - Class - Order - Family - Genus - Species |
| What are the domains for archaebacteria, eubateria, and how are they alike or different? | Archae - unicellular, many members can survive in absense of oxygen, do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls ; Bacteria - prokaryotes, rigid cell walls that contain peptidoglycan |
| Which kingdoms have cell walls and what materials make up the cell walls. | Eubacteria - Peptidoglycan ; Archaebacteria - no peptidoglycan ; Protista - cellulous ; Fungi - chitin |
| What kinds of organisms make up the domain Eukarya | eukaroyotes |
| How do you write the scientific name of an organism? | Italics, binomial nomenclature; first capitalized (the genus), 2nd lowercased (the species) |
| Which kingdom is the most diverse? | Protista |
| Basic Structure | Bacteria - prokaryotic, cell wall ; Virus - DNA or RNA wrapped in caspid |
| Size/Shape/ Structure | Bacteria - rod, round, spiral ; Virus - various shapes and sizes |
| Life Processes | Bacteria - all processes, reproduce by binary fission or conjugation ; Virus - no life processes except reproduction or digestion |
| living/ non-living | bacteria - LIVING ; virus - NONLIVING |
| Autotroph/heterotroph | bacteria - both but mostly heterotroph ; Virus - neither, non-living |
| Found | bacteria - Almost anywhere ; Virus - living cells |
| Lytic Cycle | Viruses spread by killing living cells |
| Lysogenic Cycle | infects DNA into cells, reproduces slowly, doesn't kill cells |
| Treatment | Bacteria - antibiotics ; Virus - no cures, can be prevented with vaccines |
| Infects | bacteria - on its own ; virus - living cells |
| distrupts body's normal equilibrium? when? | both - yes, when it causes disease |
| useful for? | bacteria - cleaning up oil spills, decomposing dead organisms and wastes, making drugs ; Virus - make some vaccines |
| Archaebactera | - lives in EXTREME environments (oxygen-free; salt water; hot, acidic waters of sulfur springs) - NO PEPTIDOGLYCAN IN CELL WALLS |
| Eubacteria | - a wide array of habitats - peptidoglycan in cell walls |
| Heterotrophs | found everywhere; need organic molecules as energy source, but are not adapted for trapping their food; some live as parasites; some as saprobes (feed on dead organisms or wastes) |
| Autotrophs | Photsynthetic |
| Cyanobacteria | contains a photosynthetic pigment so it can trap the sun's energy, it is common in ponds, streams and moist areas of land |
| Chemosyntehtic Autotrophs | obtain energy from breakdown of inorganic substances such as sulfur and nitrogen compounds |
| Binary Fission | Asexual; the bacterium first copies its single chromosomes, which attach to the cell's plasma membrane. As the cell grows, the copies separate. The cell then divides in two as a partition form sbetween the new cells. Each new cell receives a chromosome co |
| Conjugation | sexual; one bacterium transfers all or part of its chromosome to another cell through a bridgelike structure called a pilus that connects the two cells. |
| nitrogen fixation | certain bacteria convert nitrogen gas into nitrates which can be used by plants |
| recycling of nutrients | bacteria breakdown organic matter in dead organisms and wastes |
| food and medicines | some bacteria produce a variety of molecules that have distinctive flavors or aromas |
| diseases caused by bacteria | tuberculosis, pneumonia, strep throat, staph |
| Viruses | particles of nucleic acid, proteins, and sometimes lipids |
| Viruses reproduce | by infecting living cells |
| Viruses have one thing in common | they enter living cells, then use the cell's machinery to produce more viruses! |
| The caspid protein bind to receptors on the surface of a cell and " ___ " the cell into allowing it ____. | trick, inside |
| viruses are highly ______ to the cells they infect. plant viruses only infect plant cells, animal viruses infect only certain related species of animals. | SPECIFIC |
| Bacteriophages | viruses that infect bacteria |
| LYTIC INFECTION | a virus enters cell, makes copies of itself, and causes the cell to burst. |
| LYTIC - example | the bacteria injects its own DNA directly into the cell, the cell then makes mRNA from the genes of the virus, viral proteins are made which chop up the cell DNA, infected cell shuts down. virus makes copies of itself, before long the host cell LYSES! |
| LYSOGENIC INFECTION | a virus integrates its DNA into the DNA of the host cell, and the viral genetic information replicates along with the host cell's DNA. Lysogenic viruses can remain inactive for a period of time |
| Prokaryotes; microscopic; unicellular; live in normal environment | eubacteria |
| prokaryotes; unicellular; microscopic; live in EXTREME environments | archaebacteria |
| eukaryotes; unicellular or multicellular; may be plant, animal, or fungus like; live in moist environments; do not have complex organ systems; movement by cilia, falgella, pseudopods | protists |
| eukaryotes; unicellular or multicellular; consumers, heterotrophic, decomposers; absorb nutrients obtained by decomposing dead organisms and wastes; do not move; cell walls made of chitin | fungi |
| eukaryotes; photosynthetic; multicellular; cell walls of cellulose; tissues organised into organs and organ systems; don't move; vascular plants have conducting tissue - roots, stems and leave; non-vascular (mosses + liverworm) live near water,closeground | Plants |
| eukaryotes; consumer; move; multicellular; no cell walls; tissues organized into organs and complex organ systems | animals |
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heretolearn