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NGC ANTHRO FINAL
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| An “emic” perspective is the perspective of… | the studied culture |
| Like other disciplines that use comparative approaches, such as sociology or psychology, anthropologists make comparisons between people in a given society, but unlike other disciplines, anthropologists also… | make comparisons that span societies, cultures, time, place, and species. |
| people from different cultural backgrounds come into close contact with one another, not a useful perspective to view one’s own culture as the most important and correct, or a measuring stick by which to evaluate all other cultures, that perspective is | ethnocentrism |
| Rather than assume that disease resides only within the individual body, medical anthropologists explore the ------- conditions that impact the experience of illness. | Cultural , social, environmental ( All of the above ) |
| Life histories include... | collecting a personal narrative of someone's life , context in which culture is experienced, helping anthropologists be more aware of what makes life meaningful to an individual |
| What is ethnography? | An in-depth study of everyday practices and lives of a people. |
| Through immersive fieldwork, living and working with the people they are studying, cultural anthropologists suspend their own sense of what is ------------- in order to understand other people’s perspectives. | "normal" |
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of applied anthropology? | Only theories. |
| Which of the following are key anthropological perspectives? | Holism and relativism, relativism and comparison, comparison and fieldwork ( All of the above) |
| An “etic” perspective is the perspective of… | the observer. |
| Approximately what percentage of the world’s pastoralists live in Africa? | 51% |
| What are staple crops? | Food that form the backbone of a subsistence system , potatoes in Ireland, rice in China |
| What is negative reciprocity? | Exchange in which both parties try to take advantage of the other |
| People whose gardens supply the majority of their food as known as _____. | horticulturalists |
| What is the set of practices used by members of a society to acquire food known as? | The subsistence system |
| The domestic mode of production organizes labor and daily activities within families according to ____ and ____. | age and gender |
| The cultural norms and attitudes surrounding food and eating are known as… | foodways |
| Structural violence can include things like… | infectious disease, hunger, violence such as torture and crime |
| ________ is also known as hunting and gathering. | Foraging |
| What is a commodity? | Any good that is produced for sale or exchange for other goods. |
| The position of a chief in a chiefdom is… | a permanent political status that demands a successor when the current chief dies |
| A pattern of residence in which married individuals lives with or near the husband’s father family is known as… | . patrilocal residence |
| What is bilateral descent? | Descent that recognizes both the mother’s and the father’s “sides” of the family |
| _____ can be useful when completing anthropological field research and are particularly helpful when documenting changes in families over time. | Kinship charts |
| What are kinship systems that recognize only one sex-based “side” of the family known as? | Unilineal descent systems |
| What do anthropologists call payments made to the groom’s family before marriage? | dowry |
| A pattern of residence in which married individuals live with or near an uncle is known as… | avunculocal residence |
| Cultural rules or expectations emphasizing the need to marry within a cultural group are known as…. | endogamy |
| In most cultures around the world, marriage is… | not the romantic view of marriage found in Hollywood movies and romance novels , largely a device that links two families together , a logical vehicle for creating alliances between groups ( All of the above) |
| ____ have a clear tendency toward instability despite trappings designed to induce awe in the wider population. | States |
| Martha Ward and Monica Edelstein estimate that intersex individuals constitute what percent of human births? | 5% |
| Significant genetic studies conducted by physical anthropologists since the 1970s have revealed that _____ human races do not exist. | biologically distinct |
| Anthropological studies of gender, women’s studies, and gender studies incorporate studies of… | women and other genders, issues of gender and social justice, sexuality (All of the above ) |
| work of urban anthropologist John Hartigan shows ___ played a major role in shaping different identities among “white” in Detroit & social relations between “whites” and “blacks” in neighborhoods vary from camaraderie & companionship to conflict. | social class |
| Same-sex sexual & romantic relationships probably exist in every society, concepts like “gay,” “lesbian,” and “bisexual” are _______ in many ways, reflect a culturally specific gender ideology & set of beliefs about how sexual preferences develop. | cultural products |
| What are legitimizing ideologies? | A set of complex belief systems, often developed by those in power, to rationalize, explain, and perpetuate systems of inequality. |
| What is a racial classification system in which a person of mixed racial heritage is automatically categorized as a member of the less or least privileged group? | hypodescent, the one-drop rule, socially constructed ( All of the above) |
| Women face particular challenges when conducting anthropological fieldwork regardless of the culture, but particularly in ____ and ____ societies. | sex-segregated, patriarchal |
| The “sperm penetrates egg” model of human fertilization… | complete model & medically accurate, devoid of influence by cultural ideology of reproduction in US, doesnt include medical reality egg & sperm fuse & egg activates sperm by releasing molecules crucial to find & adhere to egg. (All of the above ) |
| By 2011, an estimated _____ people in the United States identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, and/or transgender. | 8.7 million |
| The McDonald’s restaurant’s “McAloo Tikki” breadcrumb-coated potato and pea patty sandwich in India is an example of ___ or the adaptation of global ideas into locally palatable forms. | glocalization |
| The concept of “lifestyle,” from an anthropological perspective, refers to… | the creative ways individuals perform various social identities, the reflexive, and sometimes ironic ways individuals perform various social identities , a type of cultural or societal “performance” ( All of the above) |
| The “financescape” of globalization refers to… | the flow of money across political borders |
| What are sacred objects or ideas? | Set apart from the ordinary and treated with great respect |
| The intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa is Manfred Steger’s definition of… | globalization |
| A ritual or action or set of actions designed to bring a community together could also be called a… | rite of intensification |
| Has the international demand for quinoa been a good thing for rural Bolivian peasants? | In some ways, yes In some ways, no It may be too soon to know for sure (All of the above) |
| Individuals’ “tastes” are actually outgrowths of their ___, or the embodied dispositions that arise out of enculturation in a specific social setting. | habitus |
| What is cultural appropriation? | The act of copying an idea from another culture and in the process distorting its meaning. |
| The “mediascape” of globalization refers to… | the flow of media across borders |
| There are two types of performances associated with our interactions with others ____ (such as concerts) and ____ (such as dating). | cultural performances, performances of culture |
| What are metacommunicative framing devices? | . They offer layered information about how to interpret the ensuing message, and they include codes, figurative language, parallelisms, paralinguistic features, and appeals to tradition. |
| What is the Anthropocene? | A term proposed to describe the current moment (or epoch) in geological time in which the effects of human activities have altered the fundamental geochemical cycles of the earth. |
| Globalization has affected new types of cultural performances. For example, ___. | performances specifically staged for media consumption & distribution. photo opportunities arranged with, for, & by politicians & celebrities. online-only campaigns, protests, & movements are common cultural performances. ( All of the above) |
| What is cultural ecology? | A subfield of cultural anthropology that explores the relationship between human cultural beliefs and practice and the ecosystems in which those beliefs and practices occur. |
| What are extractive reserves? | community-managed protected areas designed to allow for sustainable extraction of certain natural resources (such as fish, rubber, Brazil nuts, and rattan) while maintaining key ecosystems in place. |
| another name for an activity that people engage in through their everyday words and actions, which reflect their enculturation and therefore can be studied as performances, regardless of whether the subjects are aware of their cultural significance? | . Performing culture |
| Some ways anthropologists have become involved in environmental causes in Brazil include… | working with indigenous groups to maintain land claims .preventing deforestation organizing against construction of large hydropower projects that threaten river ecosystems ( All of the above ) |
| Under anthropology’s holistic approach, performance also connects to… | ritual religion gender (All of the above) |
| Scientists have estimated that ___ of all of the current medicinal drugs in use worldwide were originally derived from plant materials? | 60% |
| At the heart of media anthropology is the assertion that… | d. media practices are not universal. |
| What is cultural infrastructure, to a media anthropologist | The values and beliefs of communities, states, and/or societies that make the imagining of a particular type of network possible. |
| Media anthropologists… | push the boundaries of what counts as ethnographic research and academic writing. rely on deep relationships with people. rely on holistic consideration of the full range of media practices from around the world. (All of the above) |
| What is a definition for media, according to media anthropologists? | It is a word that is used to describe a set of technologies that connect multiple people at one time to shared content. |
| What is fabrication, used in media anthropology? | Taking the essence of what is being said by people, to combine or rearrange it, to create an ethnographic account that demonstrates the points most relevant for the research. |
| What is the biocultural perspective? | An anthropological perspective describing the interactions between biology and culture that have influenced human evolution and emphasizing that human lifestyles are products of interactions between biology and culture. |
| What are media practices? | The habits or behaviors of the people who produce media, the audiences who interact with media, and everyone in between. |
| What is communal healing? | An approach to healing that directs the combined efforts of the community toward treating illness. |
| What is indigenous media? | Media produced by and for indigenous communities often outside of the commercial mainstream. |
| What are emotionalistic ethno-etiologies? | They view illness as caused by emotional difficulties. |
Created by:
imania7102