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AP Language Review
AP Definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| situational irony | contrast between what is intended and what actually occurs |
| verbal irony | contrast between what is said and what is meant |
| dramatic irony | when the audience knows something the characters do not |
| symbolism | complex/abstract significance that lies beyond ordinary meaning |
| allegory | An extended narrative in prose or verse in which the writers intends a second meaning to be read beneath the surface |
| theme | the moral or message |
| point of view | the vantage point from which a story is told |
| persona | "the character" the writer creates for him/herself; the voice in which the story is told |
| personification | human characteristics are applied to inanimate objects |
| hyperbole | exaggeration for emphasis |
| litotes | understatement for emphasis |
| apostrophe | calling out to someone of something |
| style | a writer's characteristic was of saying things |
| diction | word choice |
| anaphora | repetition of a sequence of words |
| ambiguity | double or multiple meanings |
| rhetorical question | a question posed for its persuasive effect |
| rhetoric | the art of persuasion |
| denotation | literal definition |
| connotation | the associations carried by a word |
| figurative language | language interpreted imaginatively rather than literally |
| imagery | sensory details |
| oxymoron | two contradictory words or phrases are combined in a single expression |
| paradox | a statement that, while apparently self-contradictory, is nonetheless essentially true. |
| dialogue | conversation between two or more people |
| deductive reasoning | reasoning that moves from a general statement to a specific conclusion |
| inductive reasoning | reasoning that begins with detailed facts and moves to general principles |
| inference | a statement about the unknown based on what is known; conclusion is probable,but never certain |
| syllogism | a method of logical argument that consists of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion |
| satire | exposing human folly to ridicule |
| euphemism | a word or phrase used to replace another that may be considered "offensive" |
| onomatopoeia | words that imitate the sounds they make |
| assonance | repetition of vowel sounds |
| consonance | repetition of consonant sounds |
| alliteration | repetition of the initial consonant sound |
| narrative | a story |
| contrast | difference |
| metonymy | substituting a name of an attribute for the thing itself |
| synecdoche | a part of something is used to represent the whole |
| verisimilitude | the appearance of truth/ reality |
| aphorism | a terse statement about a principle or truth |
| epithet | an adjective or adjective phrase applied to a person or thing to emphasize a characteristic or attribute (often disparaging) |
| anecdote | a brief narrative used to illustrate a point |
| juxtaposition | to place side by side for comparison |
| antithesis | opposing ideas are balanced in grammatically parallel syntax |
| syntax | sentence structure |
| parallelism | the grammatical balance of two or more similar words or phrases |
| phrase | a group of words functioning as a single grammatical unit |
| clause | an expression including both a subject and a predicate |
| simple sentence | a sentence consisting of one independent clause |
| compound sentence | a sentence consisteing of at least two independent clauses |
| complex sentence | a sentence consisting of at least one dependent clause and one independent clause |
| compound/complex sentence | a sentence consisting of at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause |
| loose sentence | a complex sentence in which the important details are presented first |
| periodic sentence | a complex sentence in which the important details are presented last |
| colloquial | conversationa/ informal tone |
| catharsis | emotional release |
| cliche | overused, trite expression |
| ethos | ethical appeal |
| logos | logical appeal |
| pathos | emotional appeal |
| post hoc | faulty cause and effect reasoning |
| hasty generalization | a conclusion based on too little evidence |
| sweeping generalization | absolute statement that can never be proven |
| ad hominem | an attack on a person and not the issue |
| ad populum | appealing the the prejudices of people |
| bandwagon fallacy | an assumption that something is true because everyone believes it to be true |
| begging the question | stating a debatable premise as if it were fact |
| argument to ignorance | is a logical fallacy in which it is claimed that a premise is true only because it has not been proven false, or is false only because it has not been proven true |
| either /or | presenting a complex issue as if it only has two sides |
| false analogy | an assumption that two things are similar in all ways because they are similar in some ways |
| pace | the rate at which a narrative is told |
| mood | the emotional quality of a work |
| epistle | literary letter |
Created by:
mrsloudon
Popular English Vocabulary sets