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Registry Review Exam
Registry Review Exam Cohort Sep 2022
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What type of wave sound? -mechanical, transverse -mechanical, longitudinal -transverse, longitudinal -lateral wave | Mechanical, longitudinal |
| The frequency ranges for ultrasound are: -<20 Hz -20 to 20000 Hz ->20kHz ->2000 Hz | >20 kHz |
| The speed of sound in soft tissue is: -1.54 mm/s -1540 m/s -1540 km/s -1.54 m/µs | 1540 m/s |
| Which of the following transducer fires the elements in groups? -linear sequenced array -phased array -continuous wave transducer -single-element transducer | Linear sequenced array |
| The unit for wavelength is: -millimeters -hertz -microseconds -milliliter | Millimeters |
| Enhancement is caused by: -strongly reflecting structures -propagation speed structures -snell's law -weakly attenuating structures | Weakly attenuating structures |
| The wavelength in a material having a propagation speed of 1.5mm/µs employing a transducer frequency of 5.0 MHz is: -0.3 mm -0.3 cm -0.6 mm -3.0 mm | 0.3 mm |
| An ultrasound transducer converts: -electrical energy into light and heat -electrical energy into mechanical energy -mechanical energy into radiation -sound into ultrasound | Electrical energy into mechanical energy |
| Arrange the following media in correct order from the lowest attenuation to highest? -air,fat, muscle, bone -muscle,fat air, blood -fat, muscle, bone, air -muscle, air, fat, bone | fat, muscle, bone air |
| Arrange the following media in correct order from the lowest attenuation to the highest? -air, fat , muscle, bone -bone, fat, air, muscle -bone, muscle, fat, air -muscle, air, fat, bone | Air, fat, muscle, bone |
| If the frequency doubles, what happens to the wavelength? -increases fourfold -increases twofold -decreases by one half -frequency has no relationship to wavelength | Decreases by one half |
| What happens to intensity if the amplitude of a signal is halved? -quartered -quadrupled -halved -no changed | quartered |
| Which of the following would be used to describe the percentage of time that sound is on? -intensity -amplitude -SPTA -duty factor | Duty factor |
| A 3 dB gain would indicate an increase in intensity by: -2 times -4 times -8 times -10 times | 2 times |
| Ignoring the effects of attenuation, the intensity of the ultrasound beam is usually greater at the focal zone because of: -decreased attenuation -the smaller beam diameter -diffraction effects -a shorter duty factor | The smaller beam diametere |
| Attenuation means: -progressive weakening of the sound beam as it travels -density of tissue and the speed of sound in the tissues -the redirection of the ultrasound back to the transducer -bending of the transmitted wave after crossing the interface | Progressive weakening of the sound beam as it travels |
| Which has the lowest intensity? -spatial peak intensity ÷ by temporal intensity -spatial peak intensity ÷ by spatial average intensity -temporal average intensity ÷ by spatial average intensity -temporal peak ÷ by spatial peak intensity | Spatial peak intensity divided by the spatial average intensity |
| Continuous wave Doppler has a duty factor of? -<1% -100% ->100% -50% | 100% |
| The spatial pulse length is defined as the product of the ____ and the number of ____ in a pulse -cycles, frequency -frequency, velocity -wavelength, cycles -frequency, wavelength | Wavelength, cycles |
| W/ phased array transd., the trans. sound beam is steered by: -mechanically sweeping piezoel. elements -mechanically rotating the piezoel. elem. -varying timing of pulses to the indivi. piezo. elem. -varying amp. of pulses to the indivi. piezo. elem. | Varying the timing of pulses to the individual piezoelectric elements |
| If the gain of an amplifier is 18dB, what is the new gain if the power is reduced by half? -15dB -9dB -36dB -0.5dB | 15dB |
| Which of the following is true? -SPTA is always equal to or grater than SPTP -SPTP is always equal or greatter than SPTA -SATA is always equal to or greater than SATP -STPA is equal to or greater than SPTP | SPTP is always equal to or greater than SPTA |
| If the amplitude of a wave is increased threefold, the power will: -decrease threefold -increase threefold - increase ninefold -increase sixfold | increase ninefold |
| Ultrasound attenuates an average of _____dB/cm of travel for each megahertz of frequency -1 -0.7 -0.33 -0.5 | 0.7 |
| If the intensity transmission coefficient is 0.74, the intensity reflection coefficient will be: -1.06 -6.00 -0.26 -0.04 | 0.26 |
| Acoustic impedance is defined as the product of: -the mismatch between two interfaces -a change in velocity at oblique incidence -the speed of sound in tissue and density of the tissue -the wavelength and frequency | the speed of sound in tissue and density of the tissue |
| Rayleigh scattering is an example of - a reflector whose size is smaller than the wavelength -a reflector whose size is significantly larger than the wavelength -a specular reflection -a type of side lobe artifact | A reflector whose size is smaller than the wavelength |
| Assuming normal incidence, if medium 2 impedance is = to medium 1 impedance: -100% of the intensity will b reflected -100% of the intensity will b transmitted -reflection and transmission coeffi. will be = -answer can't to be determined w/out values | 100% of the intensity will be transmited |
| What is the total attenuation of 3.5 MHz pulse after passing through 2cm of soft tissue? -7 dB -3.5 dB -17 dB -1.75 dB | 3.5dB |
| The thinner the piezoelectric element : -the lower the frequency -the higher the frequency -the higher the amplitude -the lower the amplitude | the higher the frequency |
| the unit for impedance is: -dB -mW/cm2 -rayls -no units | Rayls |
| A sound beam encounters an interface at 90º angle. if the speed of the sound in the 1st tissue is 1540 m/s and the speed of 2nd in the second tissue is 1450 m/s, which one is most closely the angle of beam trans.? -<90º - 90º ->90º -need impedance | 90º |
| ALARA stands for: -as low as reasonably achievable -as long as reasonably acceptable -as little as reasonably allowable -as long as reasonably achievable | As low as reasonably achievable |
| A decibel (dB) describes the: -ratio of two sound intensities -sum of two sound intensities -amount of scattering -velocity of the sound wave | Ratio of two sound intensities |
| The correct equation for Snells law is: -R=(Z2-Z1)2/(Z2+Z1)2 -Z=pc -sin ø = (C2/C1)x sin ø -Fd=2fv cos ø/c | sin øt = (C2/C1)x sin øi |
| The attenuation coefficient of sound in soft tissue can be defined by which of the following equations? -one half the frequency times per path length -frequency/6 -frequency/2 -frequency x 2 | Frequency/2 |
| The intensity transmission coefficient is equal to: -1 transmission coefficient)/2+ intensity reflection coefficient -1 - intensity reflection coefficient -the square of the angle of transmission -(intensity | 1 - intensity reflection coefficient |
| The range equation explains: -side lobes -distance reflector -attenuation -calibration | Distance reflection |
| The typically value for attenuation coefficient for 6-Mhz ultrasound in soft tissue is: -3 dB/cm -1 dB/cm/Hz -3 dB/cm2 -2 dB | 3 dB/cm |
| What must be known in order to calculate distance to a reflector? -attenuation, propagation speed, density -attenuation, impedance -travel time, propagation speed -density, propagation speed | Travel time, propagation speed |
| Specular reflection: -occurs when the interface is larger than the wavelength -occurs when the interface is smaller than the wavelength -arise from interfaces smaller than 3 mm - are not independent on the angle of incidence | Occur when the interface is larger than the wavelength |
| What is the reflected intensity from a boundary between 2 materials if the incident intensity is 1 mW/cm2 and the impedances are 25 and 75? -0.25 mW/cm2 -0.33 mW/cm2 -0.5 mW/cm2 -1.0 mW/cm2 | 0.25 mW/cm2 |
| The layer of material within the transducer which has an intermediate impedance between the transducer element and human tissue is known as the: -filler medium -damping medium -acoustic medium -matching layer | Matching layer |
| Which of the following relates bandwidth to operating frequency? -near zone -piezoelectric crystal -quality factor -far zone | Quality factor |
| The piezoelectric effect is describe as: -density of tissue and the speed of sound in the tissues -mechanical deformation that results from a high voltage applied to the face of the crystal that in turn generates a pressure wave | mechanical deformation that results from a high voltage applied to the face of the crystal that in turn generates a pressure wave |
| Which of the following are most commonly used in ultrasound transducers? -lead zirconate titanate -barium sulfate -epoxy loaded with tungsten -quartz | Lead zirconate titanate |
| Diffraction refers to: -spreading out of the ultrasound beam -conversion of sound to heat -reflection of the beam at an interface -bending of the sound beam crossing a boundary | Spreading out of the ultrasound beam |
| The preferred method of sterilizing ultrasound transducers is: --high temperature sterilization -steam -cold sterilization -autoclave | Cold sterilization |
| A transducer with which frequency would have the thickest element(s)? -2 Mhz -3.5 Mhz -5 Mhz -7.5 Mhz | 2 Mhz |
| Which of the following is the best defined as the ability to discriminate between two closely spaced reflectors? -temporal resolution -range accuracy -spatial resolution -amplification | Spatial resolution |
| Which of the following is an effect of focusing? -improved lateral resolution -improved axial resolution in the near zone -increase beam divergence in the near zone -higher frequency | Improved lateral resolution |
| Bandwidth is: -a source of artifacts -a potential shade of gray -the range of frequencies produced by the transducer -undesirable interference or noise | The range of frequencies produced by the transducer |
| What is the technique that permits "virtual palpation" of a lesion to determine the hardiness of softness of tissue? -tissue harmonic imaging -extended field of view imaging -edge enhancement -elastography | Elastography |
| The acoustic impedance of the transducer's matching layer: -is chosen to improve transmission into the body -is chosen to have increased internal reflections -determines the operating frequency -varies with frequency of the transducer | Is chosen to improve transmission into the body |
| If the amount of damping decreases, the bandwidth: -stays the same -increases -decreases -damping and bandwidth are unrelated | Decreases |
| The region where the sound beam diameter is the smallest is referred to as the: -fresnel spot -focus -near field -far field | Focus |
| The near zone length is determined by: -propagation speed -frame rate -pulse repetition frequency -transducer frequency | Transducer frequency |
| Which if the following has the lowest intensity? -SPTA -SATP -SPTA -SATA | SATA |
| A two element continuous wave transducer: -is able to determine the depth of the reflectors -has an adjustable focal zone -has better color Doppler sensitivity | Is only used for spectral Doppler |
| A wave's initial intensity is 2 mW/cm2. There is an increase of 10dB. What is the final intensity? -4 mW/cm3 -8 mW/cm2 -12 mW/cm2 -20 mW/cm2 | 20 mW/cm2 |
| Which of the following is described best as a transducer that has multiple elements in a curved shaped? -continuous wave transducer -mechanical sector -curvilinear -linear array | curvilinear |
| What is the name of the control that compensates for attenuation related to path length? -near gain -far gain -time gain compensation -reject | Time gain compensation |
| The echoes are stored before final display by the: -receiver -computer memory -demodulator -transducer | Computer memory |
| What portion of the ultrasound system drives transducer? -pulser -receiver -scan converter -time gain compensation controls | Pulser |
| What Doppler mode uses the amplitude of the Doppler shift in order to produce an image demonstrating flow in a vessel? -Power Doppler -Color Doppler -Pulse wave spectral Doppler -Continous wave | Power Doppler |
| How many different shades of gray can the human eye discern at one time? -16 -32 -64 -100 | 100 |
| Most current ultrasound systems have ____ shades of gray available? -256 -64 -32 -4 | 256 |
| How many bits per pixel can be displayed with 4 bits of memory? -2 -4 -8 -16 | 16 |
| The spatial resolution capabilities of the system are primarily functions of the: -pulser -transducer -receiver -display | Transducer |
| The echo intensity on a grayscale of 32 shades is represented by the binary number: -10101 -1010 -100000 -110000 | 100000 |
| Preprocessing of the information that is fed to the scan converter: -enlarges each pixel to provide a magnified image -determines the assignment of echoes to predetermined gray levels -determines the grayscale emphasis of stored gray levels | Determines the assignment of echoes to predetermined gray levels |
| Which of the following do gray scale systems typically use as a means of signal dynamic range reduction? -rejection -compression -relaxation -edge enhancement | compression |
| Area is expressed by which of the following units? -m/s -cm -cm2 -cm3 | cm2 |
| If the frequency of a transducer is increased, which of the following will decrease? -wavelength -propagation speed -pulse repetition frequency -pulse repetition period | Wavelength |
| With tissue harmonic imaging -the propagating pressure wave causes the image to be distorted -there is worse lateral resolution -there are increased artifacts in the near field -there are decreased artifacts in the near field | There are decreased artifacts in the near field |
| Which of the following is in the range of infrasound? -1.5 kHz -15 Hz -25 Hz -1MHz | 15 Hz |
| Which of the following is in the range of audible sound? -15 Hz -18 kHz -25000 Hz -2 Hz | 18 kHz |
| Which of the following is the time it takes for once cycle to occur? -period -frequency -wavelength -pulse repetition period | Period |
| Which of the following can be changed by the operator? -frequency -wavelength -propagation speed -pulse repetition frequency | Pulse repetition frequency |
| The length of the pulse is the: -period -frequency -pulse repetition frequency -spatial pulse length | Spatial pulse length |
| Assuming oblique ø of incid., if the propag. speed of medium 1 is > than the propag. speed of medium 2, what'll the ø of transm.be? -> than the ø of incid. -< than the ø of incid. -=to the ø of incid. -propag. speed doesn't influence the ø of transm. | Less than the ø of incidence |
| A 5 MHz wave travels through 5 cm of soft tissue. if a 3.5 MHz transducer is selected instead, what happens to the propagation speed of the medium? -increases -decreases -no change -not enough information given | No change |
| The slowest propagation speed is found in which medium? -bone -air -muscle -liver | Air |
| Which of the following represents the strength of the beam? -frequency -intensity -Q-factor -duty factor | Intensity |
| Which of the following is the unit of pressure amplitude? -W/cm2 -mm -mW -pascal | mm |
| Which of the following is the unit of intensity? -W/cm2 -mW -pascal -dB/cm | dB/cm |
| What else changes with a change in amplitude? -resonating frequency -output frequency -wavelength -spatial pulse length | Output power |
| Which of the following will increase the acoustic exposure to the patient? -increase receiver amplification -increase time gain compensation -decreased pulse repetition frequency -increased output again | increase output again |
| Which operator control adjusts the intensity of the transmitted pulse? -receiver gain -depth of scanning -power -time gain compensation | Power |
| What happens to the power if the intensity is doubled? -no change -it doubles -it quadruples -it is halved | It is doubles |
| The number of pulses that occur in 1 s is the: -pulse repetition frequency -pulse repetition period -pulse duration -duty factor | Pulse repetition frequency |
| What is along the x-axis on a spectral Doppler waveform? -depth -amplitude -time -velocity | Time |
| What is a unit of spatial pulse length? -µs -m -m/s -m/s2 | m |
| What testing device is used to measure acoustic output (intensity) level? -tissue phantom -AIUM test phantom -Doppler flow phantom -hydrophone | Hydrophone |
| What is the principle that states sound waves are the result of the interference of many wavelets produced at the face of the transducer? -Doppler's principle -bernoulli's principle -huygen's principle -poiseuilles's principle | Huygen's principle |
| When using tissue harmonic imaging, the frequency used is: -four times the fundamental frequency -double the fundamental frequency -equal to the fundamental frequency -one half the fundamental frequency | Double the fundamental frequency |
| In B-mode imaging, amplitude is located on the __ axis of the image -x -y -z -c | Z |
| Which of the following determinate the radial resolution of a system? -pulse repetition frequency -impedance -spatial pulse length -duty factor | Spatial pulse length |
| The axial resolution can be improved by decreasing the ____ or increase the ___. -impedance, pulse duration -number of cycles in a pulse, wavelength -propagation speed, spatial pulse length -number of cycles in a pulse, frequency | Number of cycles in a pulse, frequency |
| 2 reflec. r 1.3mm apart in a plane that is || to the beam. SPL of the transducer is 2.6 mm. these 2 reflec. -will show up as 1 • on the screen -will show up as 2 • on the screen -will not show up on the image at all -will have poor lateral resolution | Will show up as 2 • on the screen |
| In what zone does beam divergence occur? -at the face of the transducer -focal zone -fraunhofer zone -fresnel zone | Fraunhofer zone |
| The larger the aperture, -the shorter the near zone -the longer the near zone -the more divergence there is in far field -the shorter the fresnel zone | The longer the near zone |
| The ability to resolve two reflectors that lie parallel to the beam is the ___ resolution of a system -axial -lateral -elevational -temporal | Axial |
| The more focal zone used, -the better the temporal resolution -the worse the temporal resolution -the better the axial resolution -the shorter the spatial pulse length | The worse the temporal resolution |
| In the most common type of of transducers, the slice-thickness plane is focused: -using a lens -using a matrix array -electronically -using 2D technology | Using a lens |
| If sound travels through a large quantity of water and then encounters a reflector, the reflector will appear to be: -too far away -too close -in the correct location -not enough information to tell | Too far away |
| What is the maximum temperature increase below which there should be no thermally induced biologic effects -95ºC -10ºC -4ºC -2ºC | 2ºC |
| Two sound beams with different frequencies are traveling through soft tissue. Which beam will travel faster? -the higher frequency sound -the lower frequency sound -both will travel at the same speed -cannot be determined | Both will travel at the same speed |
| A video display that is limited to only black and white, with no other shades of gray, is called: -binary -monochrome -bistable -unichrome | Bistable |
| What is the name for the smalles amount of digital storage? -the bit -the pixel -the byte -the megabyte | the bit |
| in the fresnel zone -the beam diameter is a constant -the beam diameter diverges -the beam area increases with distance from the transducer -the beam area decreases with distance from the transducer | The beam area decreases with distance from the transducer |
| Information that travels to the scan converter from the receiver is initially in what format? -analog -digital -binary -hexadecimal | Analog |
| Which of the following is true about color Doppler? -each pixel can be both color and grey scale at the same time -each pixel can either be grey scale or color -pixels cannot be colorized -the gain determines the color priority of the pixels | Each pixel can either be gray scale or color |
| -Which of the following preserves the pixel density when enlarging the image? -read zoom -write magnification -max zoom -post processing magnification | Write magnification |
| What is the relationship between amplitude and frequency? -directly related -inversely related -no related -sometimes they are related, sometimes not | No relation |
| What is the relationship between spatial pulse length and pulse duration? -directly related -inversely related -no relation -sometimes they are related, sometimes not | Directly related |
| -Which of the following is the true about axial resolution? -it decreases with depth -it increases with depth -it does not vary with depth -it is best at the focal zone | It does not vary with depth |
| If the ____ is increased, the flow increases. -pressure differential -resistance -length of vessel -viscosity of blood | Pressure differential |
| Which law describes the relationship between flow and the pressure differential, viscosity, and length? -bernoulli's law -poiseuille's law -snell's law -dopple's law | Poiseuille's law |
| The most common type of flow found in the body is? -plug -turbulent -laminar -chaotic | Laminar |
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karinaheffron
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