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CPCE & NCE
Human Growth and Development
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Freud's stages are psychosexual while Erik Erikson's stages are | psychosocial |
| In Freud's psychodynamic theory instincts are emphasized. Erik Erikson is an ego psychologist. Ego psychologists | believe in man's powers of reasoning to control behavior |
| the only psychoanalyst who created a developmental theory which encompasses the entire life span was | Erik Erikson |
| the statement "the ego is dependent on the id" would most likely reflect the work of | Sigmund Freud, who created psychodynamic theory |
| Jean Piaget's idiographic approach created his theory with four stages. The correct order from stage 1 to stage 4 is | sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, formal operations |
| some behavioral scientists have been critical of Swiss child psychologist Jean Piaget's developmental research inasmuch as | his findings were often derived from observing his own children |
| a tall skinny pitcher of water is emptied into a small squatty pitcher. A child indicates that she feels the small pitcher has less water. The child has not yet mastered | conservation |
| In Piagetian literature, conservation would most likely refer to | volume or mass |
| a child masters conservation in the Piagetian stage known as | concrete operations 7-11 years |
| __________ expanded on Piaget's conceptualization of moral development | Lawrence Kohlberg |
| According to Jean Piaget, a child masters the concept of reversibility in the third stage, known as concrete operations or concrete operational thought. This notion suggest | one can undo an action, hence an object can return to its initial shape |
| during a thunderstorm, a 6-year-old child in Piaget's stage of preoperational thought (stage 2) says, "the rain is following me," this is an example of | egocentrism |
| Lawrence Kohlberg suggested | three levels of morality |
| The Heinz dilemma is to Kohlberg's theory as | a typing test is to the level of typing skill mastered |
| the term identity crisis comes from the work of | Erikson |
| Kohlberg's three levels of morality are | preconventional, conventional, postconventional |
| trust vs. mistrust | Erikson's first stage of psychosocial development |
| a person who has successfully mastered Erikson's first seven stages would be ready to enter Erikson's final or eighth stage | integrity versus despair |
| in Kohlberg's first or preconventional level, the individual's moral behavior is guided by | consequence |
| Kohlberg's second level of morality is known as conventional morality. This level is characterized by | a desire to live up to society's expectations and a desire to conform |
| Kohlberg's highest level of morality is termed postconventional morality. Here the individual | has self-imposed morals and ethics |
| according to Lawrence Kohlberg, level 3, which is postconventional or self-accepted moral principles | is the highest level of morality. However, some people never reach this level |
| the zone of proximal development | was pioneered by Lev Vygotsky |
| Freud and Erikson | could be classified as maturationists |
| John Bowlby, the British psychiatrist, is most closely associated with | bonding and attachment |
| In which Eriksonian stage does the midlife crisis occur | generativity versus stagnation |
| the researcher who is well known for his work with maternal deprivation and isolation in rhesus monkeys is | Harry Harlow |
| The statement "males are better than females when performing mathematical calculations" is | true according to research by Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin |
| the Eriksonian stage that focuses heavily on sharing your life with another person | intimacy versus isolation- ages 23-34 years |
| we often refer to individuals as conformists. Which of these individuals would most likely conform to his or her peers | a 13 year old male middle school student |
| in Harry Harlow's experiments with baby monkeys | The baby monkey was more likely to cling to a terry-cloth surrogate mother than a wire surrogate mother |
| Freud postulated the psychosexual stages | oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital |
| in adolescence | males commit suicide more often than females, but females attempt suicide more often |
| in the general US population | suicide rates increase with age |
| the fear of death | is greatest during middle age |
| in Freudian theory, attachment is a major factor | which evolves primarily during the oral age |
| when comparing girls to boys, it could be noted that, in general | girls grow up to smile more, girls are using more feeling words by age 2, and girls are better able to read people without verbal cues at any age |
| the freudian developmental stage which "least" emphasizes sexuality is | latency- |
| in terms of parenting young children | boys are punished more than girls |
| when developmental theorists speak of nature or nurture they really mean | how much heredity or environment interact to influence development |
| stage theorists assume | qualitative changes between stages occur |
| development | begins at birth and is a continuous process which begins at conception |
| development is cephalocaudal, which means | head to foot |
| heredity is the transmission of traits from parents to their offspring and | assumes the normal person has 23 pairs of chromosomes, assumes that heredity characteristics are transmitted by chromosomes, assumes that genes composed of DNA hold a genetic code |
| Piaget's final stage is known as the formal operational stage. In this stage | abstract thinking emerges and problems can be solved using deduction |
| Kohlberg lists _____ stages of moral development which fall into ____level | 6;3 |
| a person who lives by his or her individual conscience and universal ethical principles | has, according to Kohlberg, reached the highest stage of moral development and is in the postconventional level of self-accepted moral principles |
| Freud's Oedipus complex | is the stage in which fantasies of sexual relations with the opposite-sex parent occur and occurs during the phallic stage |
| in girls the Oedipus complex may be referred to as | the Electra Complex |
| the correct order of the Freudian psychosexual or libidinal stages | oral, anal, phallic, latency, and gential |
| Eleanor Gibson researched the matter of depth perception in children by utilizing | an apparatus known as a visual cliff |
| Theorists who believe that development merely consists of quantitative changes are referred to as | empiricists |
| an empiricists view of development would be | behavioristic |
| in the famous experiment by Harry Harlow, frightened monkeys raised via cloth and wire monekys | ran over and clung to the cloth and wire surrogate mothers |
| a theorists who views developmental changes as quantitative is said to be an empiricist. The antithesis of this position holds that developmental strides are qualitative. What is the name given to this position | organicism |
| In Piaget's developmental theory, reflexes play the greatest role in the | sensorimotor stage |
| a mother hides a toy behind her back and a young child does not believe the toy exists anymore. The child has not mastered | object permanence and representational thought |
| the schema of permanency and constancy of objects occurs in the | sensorimotor stage- birth to 2 years |
| john bowlby has asserted that | conduct disorders and other forms of psychopathology can result from inadequate attachment and bonding in early childhood |
| the harlow experiments utilizing monkeys demonstrated that animals place din isolation during the first few months of life are | appeared to be autistic |
| according to the Freudians, if a child severely traumatized, he or she may_____ a given psychosexual stage | become fixated at |
| an expert who has reviewed the literature on vides and violence would conclude that | watching violence tends to make children more aggressive |
| a counselor who utilizes the term instinctual technically means | behavior that manifests itself in all normal members of a given species. |
| the word ethology, which is often associated with the work of Konrad Lorenz, refers to | the study of animals' behavior in their natural environment |
| a child who forces exclusively on a clown's red nose but ignores the clown's other features would be illustrating the Piagetian concept of | centration |
| Piaget felt | that teachers should lecture less, as children in concrete operations learn best via their own actions and experimentation |
| piaget's preoperational stage | includes the acquisition of a symbolic schema |
Created by:
krlynt