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Vet Pharmacology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Absorption | movement of drug from the site of administration to the bloodstream |
| adrenergic | agent hat acts like adrenaline (epinephrine) |
| adverse effect | any effect that a drug causes other than the intended effect; may be mild to severe or fatal |
| agonist | drug that binds to a specific receptor site and causes the cell to react |
| alkylating agent | compounds that combine readily with other molecules are used in chemotherapy of cancer |
| alpha blockers | agents that inhibit the activities of a-receptors in the sympathetic nervous system |
| analgesic | a drug which relieves pain |
| anamnestic response | a secondary immune response; occurs after a subsequent exposure to an antigen |
| antagonist | drug that binds to a specific receptor site and prevents a cell reaction |
| anti-arrhythmic | agent that prevents or stops cardiac arrhythmias |
| anticholinergics | drugs that block stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system; also called parasympatholytics; used to prevent or treat bradycardia (slow heart rate) |
| antiemetic | agent that relieves vomiting |
| antimetabolite | substance that interferes with the use of an essential metabolite |
| antimicrobial | suppression of microorganism by killing it or stopping its multiplication or growth |
| antineoplastic | drug that inhibits the proliferation and maturation of malignant cells |
| antipasmodic | drug that relieves or prevents spasms |
| antitussive | drug that suppresses cough reflex |
| bactericidal | kills bacteria |
| beta blocker | drug that blocks the action of adrenaline at beta-adrenergic receptors;effects include increased heart rate and contractions, vasodilation of the arterioles that supply the skeletal muscles, and relaxation of the bronchial muscles |
| bio transformation (metabolism) | the sum of the physical and chemical processes which make energy available to an organism ; sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in a living cell. |
| bronchodilator | agent that causes dilation of the bronchi |
| catecholamine | chemical released by the body to respond to stress |
| cholinergic | drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system; also called the parasympathomimetics |
| compounded drug | manipulation of a drug not provided for in a US FDA- approved drug label |
| contraindications | situations in which a drug should not be used |
| diffusion | process of spreading, especially from areas of greater concentration to areas of lesser concentration |
| distribution | movement of drug from the bloodstream into tissues |
| diuretic | agent that promotes excretion of urine |
| drug | any chemical compound used on or administered to humans or animals as an aid in the DX, TX, or prevention of disease or other abnormal condition, for the relief of pain or suffering, or to control or improve any physiologic or pathologic condition |
| DEA (Drug Enforcement Agency) | Agency that controls drugs that have the potential for abuse |
| efficacy | effectiveness of a drug |
| emetic | substance that promotes vomiting |
| expectorant | agent that promotes coughing or swallowing material from the trachea,bronchi, or lungs |
| extra-label | Use of a drug for any other than its indicated use. |
| first-pass effect | orally administered drugs travel to the liver before reaching the systemic circulation and may be removed before getting into general circulation. |
| generic | Nonproprietary drug name, usually derived from its chemical structure |
| ingesta | stomach contents |
| inotropic | Agent that affects the force of cardiac muscular contractions |
| Median Effective Dose (ED50) | The dose that produces the desired effect in 50% of the animals tested |
| Median Lethal Dose (LD50) | The dose that kills 50% of the animals tested |
| miotic | Drug that contracts the pupil |
| mucolytic | Destroying or dissolving mucus |
| mydriatic | Drug that dilates pupil |
| overdose | Condition of having too much drug in the body as a result of incorrect administration or drug accumulation, which leads to toxicity |
| Over-The-Counter OTC | Drugs that do not require a prescription for purchase |
| parasympathetic | Part of the nervous system concerned with maintaining homeostasis |
| perfusion | Passage of blood fluid through the vessels of an organ |
| peri-anesthetic | Period of time before, during, and after an anesthetic episode |
| pH | Degree of acidity or alkalinity |
| Pharmacokinetics | Study of drug actions and effects on the body |
| pKa | pecific pH at which a drug is equally composed of ionized and nonionized molecules |
| poison precautions | |
| Propriatery | Drug name assigned and owned by a particular manufacturer |
| Psychoactive | Drugs that modify neurological activity |
| Resistance | Ability of an organism to adapt and survive in an environment containing an antimicrobial to which it was previously susceptible |
| Solubility | Ability of a solid to dissolve in a liquid |
| Suspension | Solid particles suspended in but not dissolved in a liquid |
| Therapeutic Index TI | Comparison of the effective dose to the toxic dose; relationship between ability of a drug to achieve its desired effect and its tendency to produce toxic effects |
| Therapeutic Range | Ideal range of drug concentration in the body, where it is effective but not toxic |
| Thrombolytic | Agent that dissolves a blood clot |
| Thryoidectomy | Removal of the thyroid gland |
| Vasodilator | Agent that causes dilatation of the blood vessels |
| Volume of Distribution (Vd) | Body space in which a drug will be distributed; calculated number representing the amount of drug/amount of body space |
| Withdrawal Time | Time after administration of a drug to a food-producing animal during which the products of that animal cannot be sold for human consumption |
| Pharmacology | science that deals with the origin, nature, chemistry, effects, and uses of drugs |
| Poison | substance that, on ingestion, inhalation, absorption, application, injection, or development within the body, in relatively small amounts, may cause structural or functional disturbance |
Created by:
smartinez18