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Spanish Phonetics
terms for phonetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| paralanguage | Vocal manifestations beyond regular sound system of the language. Example: imitating sounds made by amimals, expressing emotions |
| allophone | Individual sound realization of a phoneme. |
| phonetic similarity | If 2 of 3 parameters--point of articulation, manner of articulation, and vocal band function--are the same. EX: b and d are similar |
| semantic signal | Used to convey semantic concepts rather than to express emotion or imitate nature. EX: whistling in spanish to indicate displeasure |
| phoneme | Sound unit or family consisting of two or more individual varieties of allophones. |
| palatal | Point of articulation produced with the dorsum on the tongue humped against the hard palate. |
| alveolar | Point of articulation produced with tongue tip or blade against the alveolar ridge. EX: [h] |
| dental | Point of articulation in which tongue tip or blade makes contact with back surface of upper front teeth. EX: [t] |
| interdental | Point of articulation produced by placing tip or blade of tongue between upper and lower front teeth. |
| minimal pair | Pair of words whose pronunciation differs only by presence of two sounds. EX: peso-beso, ether-either |
| uvular | Point of articulation produced as tongue dorsum comes into contact with the uvula. EX: spanish has two, [x]jota, and trilled [r] |
| fricative | Sound produced when airstream is forced through a narrow opening without being stopped but with resulting friction. |
| affricative | Consonant that starts as a stop and finished as a fricative |
| lateral | Sound [l] articulated by expelling airstream around on or both sides of tongue rather than over top. |
| segmental sound | Individual sound--consonant, vowel--in stream of speech. |
| suprasegmental sound | Sound overlaid onto segmenal sounds; features are stress, pitch, and vowel length. |
| intonation | Rise and falls of voice pitch to convey various types of meaning. |
| stress | Spoken with one syllable louder than the others. EX: célebre-celebré |
| pitch | Height of voice. EX: spanish--/3/,/2/,/1/ and for english--/4/,/3/,/2/,/1/ |
| manner of articulation | Contact or approach and modify the airstream in the production of consonants. |
| juncture | What a voice does immediately before a pause; usually slight change in pitch, volume, or tempo. |
| semi-vowel | Either [i] or [u] and is never stressed and forms one part of a dipthong. |
| nasal | Sound in which airstream, blocked somewhere in the oral cavity, passes out through the nasal cavity and nostrils. EX: [m] |
| rhythm | Time or relative length of stressed and unstressed syllables. Spanish has an even legato syllable-timed since most syllables are of the same length. English has galloping stress; stressed syllables are longer than others. |
| free form | A word that can be uttered alone, unaccompanied by another part of speech. |
| bound form | A word that is never uttered alone, always accompanied by another part of speech. |
| absolute initial | First sound of breath group after the pause. |
| consonant cluster | Two or more consonants in same syllable: pr, pl, br, bl, tr, dr, cl, gl, gr, fl, fr, & cr. |
| elsewhere | Describes the normal, typical, expected default position of occurence of an allophone after the exceptions. |
| vowel | Sound articulated when airstream is not blocked, impeded, or obstructed in any significant way. |
| velar | Point of articulation produced as tongue dorsum comes in contact with the soft palate or velum. EX: [k] |
| glottal | Point of articulation of consonant [h] produced as the airstream passes through the glottis and rubs vocal bands, producing friction. |
| cognate | Words that sound similar in spanish and english. |
| orthography | Spelling system. |
| phonology/phonetics | Study of functioning and patterning of speech sounds. And study of the production, transmissioin, and reception of speech sounds and their properties. |
| articulatory | Study of speech sounds, physical properties, transmission and perception by listener. |
| vocal tract | Used in production of speech sounds, includes entire breathing passage and oral cavity. |
| liguistic community | Group of people who all speak the same language. |
| illiterate | One who does not write his or her own language. |
| language/dialect | System of verbal communication determined by regional-geographic or socio-educational considerations. |
| morphology | Study of the form of words and their morphemes (parts). |
| syntax | Patterns of arrangement of words, phrases, and clauses in a language. |
| phonation | Sound produced by the vibration of the vocal bands. |
| place of articulation | Point at which the articulators approach or contact each other, that is, achieve maximum closure or their final position, whether close or far from each other to produce the sound. |
| linking | When the last consonant of a word preceding a word beginning with a vowel combines with this vowel to start the next syllable. EX: los alumnos--(lo-sa-lum-nos) |
| phonemic phrase | All sounds between two pauses in the stream of speech, also known as breath group. |
| syllable | Smallest sound group in phonetics and can be a single sound. |
| open syllable | Ends in a vowel. Spanish favors CV-CV-CV |
| closed syllable | Ends in a consonant. |
| tripthong | Combination of 3 vowels in a single syllable. |
| consonant | A sound articulated which the airstream is blocked, impeded, or obstructed in some way. |
Created by:
atrottier
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