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ABO Study Guide
ABO Study Guide ch. 1
| The eye is made up of 3 layers | Fibrous tunic, Vascular Tunic, Nervous tunic |
| Fibrous tunic | consist of the sclera and cornea |
| Vasuclar tunic | consist of the iris, the choroid anf the ciliary body and is responsible for nourishment |
| Nervous tunic | The inner layer of photoreceptors and neurons which consist of the retina |
| Cornea | Clear outer layer at the front of the eye. Acts as a barrier and protects against infections. helps focus light so you see clear. |
| Sclera | the white outer coating of the eye, It is tough, fibrous tissue that extends from the cornea (the clear front section of the eye) to the optic nerve at the back of the eye. |
| Iris | the colored part of your eye. Muscles in your iris control your pupil |
| Pupil | the small black opening that lets light into your eye. |
| Choroid | A thin layer of tissue that is part of the middle layer of the wall of the eye, between the sclera (white outer layer of the eye) and the retina (the inner layer of nerve tissue at the back of the eye). |
| Choroid fact | The choriod is filled with blood vessels that bring oxygen and nutrients to the eye |
| Ciliary Body | a circular structure that is an extension of the iris, the colored part of the eye. The ciliary body produces the fluid in the eye called aqueous humor. |
| Ciliary Body fact | It also contains the ciliary muscle, which changes the shape of the lens when your eyes focus on a near object. |
| Photoreceptors | the cells of the retina which contain the pigment called rhodopsin. Photoreceptors absorb light and convert it into electrical impulses, which are then sent to the brain. Photoreceptors detect light and facilitate the formation of images. |
| Neurons | nerve cells that send messages all over your body to allow you to do everything from breathing to talking, eating, walking, and thinking |
| Retina | the light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the eyeball. |
| Retina fact | Images that come through the eye's lens are focused on the retina. The retina then converts these images to electric signals and sends them along the optic nerve to the brain |
| Rods and Cones | The nervous tunic or neural layer contains the special photo(light) receptors know as . . . |
| Rods | a type of photoreceptor cell in the retina. They are sensitive to light levels and help give us good vision in low light. They are concentrated in the outer areas of the retina and give us peripheral vision |
| Cones | Cones are a type of photoreceptor cell in the retina. They give us our color vision. Cones are concentrated in the center of our retina in an area called the macula and help us see fine details. |
| Rods fact | do not discriminate between different colors of light. The rods let us see at twilight and in dimly lit rooms |
| Cones fact | They do discriminate colors. Cones require brighter light to function than rods do |
| 120 million fact | rods spread towards the outside of the retina |
| 6 million fact | cones concentrated near the center of the macula |
| Macula | the part of your eye that processes what you see directly in front of you (your central vision). |
| Macula fact | It's part of your retina and is key to your vision. The macula is the round area at the center of your retina, at the back of your eyeball. where light focuses in a healthy eye |
| Fovea | a small depression at the center of the retina that's responsible for central vision. It's the point at which visual acuity is at its highest |
| Visual acuity | is the ability to identify the details of objects when you look at them |
| Optic Disc | The point where the optic nerve enters the eye. It does not contain receptor cells so its sometimes called the "blind spot" |
| 3 fluid filled chambers | Anterior, Posterior, Vitreous |
| Anterior chamber | Between the cornea and the iris |
| Posterior | Between the iris and the lens |
| Vitreous | Between the retina and the lens and is filled with vitreous humor |
| Vitreous Humor | Thick gel-like substance which maintains the shape of the eye. |
| How many layer of the Cornea | 5 |
| Epithelium(cornea layer) | outer most layer |
| Bowmans Membrane(cornea layer) | (Layer after Epith) which acts as a protective barrier |
| Stroma(cornea layer) | (layer after bow.) Makes up 90% of the thickness of the cornea |
| Descemets Membrane(cornea layer) | Seperates the stroma and the endothelium |
| Endothelium(cornea layer) | Removes water from the cornea, helping to keep the cornea clear |
| How many muscles does the Iris have | 2 |
| Dilator muscle | opens the iris allowing more light |
| Sphincter Muscle | closes the iris |
| Iris fact | has the ability to change the pupil size from 2 millimeters to 8 |
| Crystalline lens | Just behind the pupil, it focuses light on the retina. |
| Accommodation | The process of focusing on objects based on their distance |
| Accommodation fact | The closer an object is to the eye the more poweris required of the crystalline lens to focus the image on the retina |
| Zonules | are the tiny thread-like fibers that hold the eye's lens firmly in place |
| Zonules fact | The zonules also work with the ciliary muscles to help the lens accommodate (change focus). The zonule fibers tighten and pull the lens for near vision. They relax as the lens flattens for distance vision. |
| Palpebrae | Another term for the eyelid |
| Medical Canthus | The point where the upper and lower eyelids meet near the nose. "the corner of your eye" |
| Lateral Canthus | This is the point where the upper and lower eyelids meet towards your ear |
| Eyelashes | Strong hairs that run along the upper and lower palpebral margins. Filter debris from entering the eye |
| Meribomian Glands | Located along the inner margin of the eyelids the gland secrete a liquid that keeps the eyes from sticking together |
| Fornix | behind the eyelid or palpebra and along the sclera. it is where the two layers of the conjunctiva meet and join |
| Lacrimal Gland | Inside the orbit of the eye. The gland that produces the bulk of the tears. It s located above the lateral canthus in a depression in the bone around the eye. |
| Lacrimal Puncta | small openings(pores) that allow the accumulated tears to drain off the eye. The tears drain from the nasal cavity which is why when you cry your nose runs. |
| Lacrimal Canals | the path the tear takes from the eye to the lacrimal sac and then to the nasal passage |
| Lacrimal Caruncle | located at the medial canthus the lacrimal caruncle also produces a liquid that soothes and lubricates the eye |
| Limbus | where the cornea blends into the sclera |
| Palpebral Conjunctiva | The layer that covers the eyelids |
| Ocular or Bulbar Conjunctiva | The layer that covers the exposed portions of the eye |
| Lateral Rectus | rotates eye laterally or out towards the ear. attaches directly to the side of the eye and runs straight back |
| Superior Rectus | Eye looks up. Attaches directly to the top of the eye and runs straight back |
| Medial Rectus | Rotates eye medially or in towards the nose. attaches directly to the side of the eye and runs straight back |
| Inferior Rectus | Eye looks down. attaches to the bottom of the eye and runs back |
| Inferior Oblique | Eye rolls looks up and to the side. attaches along the lateral side of the eye and runs under the eye passing over the inferior rectus and attaches medially |
| Superior Oblique | Eye rolls , looks down and to thee side. attaches under the superior rectus, pases through a bony spur known as the Trochlea, and then follow the path of the superior rectus. |
Created by:
justmeherek