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Petrology IGNEOUS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the study of the origin and composition of rocks, with particular emphasis on the physical, chemical, and possibly biological processes that are involved in the formation of rocks. | Petrology |
| Petrology is the study of rocks -______, ______, _______- and the processes that form and transform them. | igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary |
| “Igneous” comes from the Latin word “_____” which means _____. | Ignis,....FIRE |
| Igneous can also be called as “_______” | Magmatic rocks |
| Igneous Rocks are rocks formed through the cooling and solidification of molten rock material called _____ | Magma |
| Magma arises when pressure and temperature conditions force a solid rock to melt. This occurs predominantly in three main geological settings: _____,______, and ______. | midocean ridges, subduction zones, and hotspots |
| Magma is less dense than the surrounding rocks which causes it to rise to the surfaces and undergoes a change in temperature and pressure resulting to a _____,_____ and ______. | cooling, solidification, and crystallization |
| Igneous Rocks are divided into two groups | Extrusive Igneous Rocks and Intrusive Igneous Rocks |
| Extrusive Igneous Rocks are also called | Volcanic Rocks |
| Rocks which are formed near the surface of the Earth | Extrusive Igneous Rocks |
| Most common type of volcanic rocks is _____. | Basalt |
| Examples of Extrusive Igneous Rocks | Basalt, Obsidian, Scoria, Tuff, Pumice |
| Intrusive Igneous Rocks also called _____. | Plutonic Rocks |
| Lava cools down quickly causing the mineral crystals to have a lesser time to grow which makes the formation of rocks fine-grained (_______) | Aphanatic |
| Rocks which are formed within the Earth’s crust | Intrusive igneous rocks |
| Slowly cooling of magma causes the crystals to grow without reaching the surface resulting to a course grained rocks (______) | Phaneritic |
| Igneous Rocks are classifies according to its texture | TEXTURE ➢ Phaneritic ➢ Aphanitic ➢ Porphyritic ➢ Vesicular ➢ Glassy ➢ Pyroclastic |
| Igneous Rocks are classifies according to its composition | COMPOSITION ➢ Felsic ➢ Mafic ➢ Ultramafic ➢ Intermediate |
| The chemical and mineral make-up of a rock is referred to as its _______. | Composition |
| Compostiom of Felsic | - 65%-75% of silica - poor in iron and magnesium |
| Composition of Intermediate | - 55%-60% silica - composition between felsic and mafic |
| Composition of Mafic | - 45%-%50% silica - rich in iron and magnesium |
| Composition of ultramafic | - less than 40% of silica - have more iron and magnesium and less silica |
| is an igneous rock, which means it forms when the magma of a volcano oxidizes and then slowly solidifies underneath the earth | Granite |
| Chemical Composition:GRANITE | Chemical Composition: ✓70-77% Silica ✓11-13% Alumina ✓3-5% Potassium Oxide and Soda ✓1% Lime ✓2-3% Iron ✓0.03 to 1% Magnesia and Titania |
| are easily identified as light-colored and coarse-grained as a result of slow cooling under the surface, enabling for bigger crystal formation. Color difference is influenced by the percentage of each mineral present in the sample. | Granite |
| Uses of granite | Used for tiles, building stone, and countertops, MOUNT RUSHMORE |
| Syenite originally came from the ancient name “_____” which means _____. | Syrene,....aswan |
| It is a coarse-grained rock consisting ferromagnesian mineral and alkali feldspar. | Syenite |
| This rock considered similar to granite; however the difference is the amount of _____ present in both rocks | Quartz |
| Compositions of Syenitic Rocks | Compositions of Syenitic Rocks • Alkali Feldspar • Quartz • Plagioclase feldspar • Feldspathoids |
| Types of Syenitic Rocks | Types of Syenitic Rocks • Nepheline Syenite • Quartz Syenite • Hornblende Syanite |
| is a white to light grey medium-grained igneous rock. It promotes more rapid melting at lower temperatures, thus reducing energy consumption, lengthening the life of the furnace and improving the yield and quality of glass. | Nepheline Syenite |
| _______ is a syenite rock consisting 5-20% of quartz | Quartz Syenite |
| ________ has a wide variety of rocks containing calcium and monoclinic | Hornblende Syenite |
| Syenite Rocks can be used in: | Syenite Rocks can be used in: ❑Construction of Roads ❑Flooring ❑Landscaping ❑Monuments, Artefacts ❑Small Figurines |
| is phaneritic, or coarse grained, and forms at depth when andesitic magma has lots of time to crystallize. | Diorite |
| is an intrusive igneous rock that forms from the result of slow cooling of magma inside of a volcano. | Gabbro |
| is an igneous rock that form end of the stage a magma’s crystallization. | Pegmatites |
| is a dark-colored, fine-grained, igneous rock composed mainly of plagioclase and pyroxene minerals | Basalt |
| TYPES OF BASALT | - Tholeiitic basalt - High and Low Titanium Basalts - Mid-Ocean ridge Basalt (MORB) - High-alumina basalt - Alkali basalt - Boninite |
| is a dark colored igneous rock. It is compositionally equivalent to gabbro and basalt but texturally between them. | Dolerite |
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