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College History
Units 1-6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following Native peoples built homes in cliff dwellings that still exist? | Anasazi |
| Which culture developed the first writing system in the Western Hemisphere? | Olmec |
| Which culture developed a road system rivaling that of the Romans? | Inca |
| What were the major differences between the societies of the Aztec, Inca, and Maya and the Native peoples of North America? | Aztec, Inca, and Maya developed centralized communities, denser, complex. Native Americans established decentralized communities, spread out, wilder. |
| The series of attempts by Christian armies to retake the Holy Lands from Muslims was known as | the Crusades |
| ________ became wealthy trading with the East. | Venice |
| In 1492, the Spanish forced these two religious groups to either convert or leave. | Jews and Muslims |
| How did European feudal society operate? How was this a mutually supportive system? | It was a mutually supportive system because if everyone did their jobs, they benefited one another. Similar to the functioning of a beehive. |
| Why did Columbus believe he could get to the Far East by sailing west? What were the problems with this plan? | It was known that the Earth was round, so Columbus’s plan seemed plausible. The distance he would need to travel was not known, however, and he greatly underestimated the Earth’s circumference. |
| The city of ________ became a leading center for Muslim scholarship and trade. | Cairo |
| Which of the following does not describe a form of slavery traditionally practiced in Africa? | a system in which people are enslaved permanently on account of their race |
| Which country initiated the era of Atlantic exploration? | Portugal |
| Which country established the first colonies in the Americas? | England |
| Where did Christopher Columbus first land? | the Bahamas |
| Why did the authors of probanzas de méritos choose to write in the way that they did? What should we consider when we interpret these documents today? | the culture in which the conquistadors, as the Spanish adventurers came to be called, wrote them and distinguish their bias and subjective nature. |
| Where did the Protestant Reformation begin? | Northern Europe |
| What was the chief goal of the Puritans? | eliminate any traces of Catholicism from the Church of England |
| What reforms to the Catholic Church did Martin Luther and John Calvin call for? | Luther was most concerned about indulgences, which allowed the wealthy to purchase their way to forgiveness, and protested the Church’s taxation of ordinary Germans. Both wanted the liturgy to be given in churchgoers’ own language. |
| Why didn’t England make stronger attempts to colonize the New World before the late sixteenth to early seventeenth century? | The English monarchy did not want to declare direct war on Spain by attempting to colonize the Americas. |
| What was the main goal of the French in colonizing the Americas? | trading, especially for furs |
| What were some of the main differences among the non-Spanish colonies? | The French did not have anything against the Indians, the dutch wanted to gain trading outpost, the English wanted to establish a colony, the Spanish wanted God, Glory, and Gold. |
| How could Spaniards obtain encomiendas? | by serving the Spanish crown |
| Which of the following best describes the Columbian Exchange? | an exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe and the Americas |
| Why did diseases like smallpox affect Native Americans so badly? | Native Americans had no immunity to European diseases. |
| Which of the following was a goal of the Spanish in their destruction of Fort Caroline? | reducing the threat of French privateers |
| Why did the Spanish build Castillo de San Marcos? | to defend against imperial challengers |
| How did the Pueblo attempt to maintain their autonomy in the face of Spanish settlement? | By rebelling. Which worked but only for about 12 years. |
| What was patroonship? | a Dutch system of granting tracts of land in New Netherland to encourage colonization |
| Which religious order joined the French settlement in Canada and tried to convert the natives to Christianity? | Jesuits |
| How did the French and Dutch colonists differ in their religious expectations? How did both compare to Spanish colonists? | The Dutch allowed the most religious freedoms; they didn't try to convert the natives and they allowed Jewish immigrants. French Jesuit missionaries tried to convert natives to Catholicism. Both were more tolerant than the Spaniards. |
| What was the most lucrative product of the Chesapeake colonies? | tobacco |
| What was the primary cause of Bacon’s Rebellion? | A depressed economy. former indentured servants wanted more opportunities to expand their territory |
| The founders of the Plymouth colony were: | Puritans |
| Which of the following is not true of the Puritan religion? | Only men could participate. |
| How did the Chesapeake colonists solve their labor problems? | They encouraged colonization by offering headrights to anyone who could pay his own way to Virginia. They also used the system of indenture, in which people who didn’t have enough money to pay their own passage could work and then gain their own land. |
| What was the Middle Passage? | the transatlantic journey that enslaved Africans made to America |
| Which of the following is not an item Europeans introduced to Native Americans? | wampum |
| How did European muskets change life for native peoples in the Americas? | European guns started an arms race among Indian groups. Tribes with ties to Europeans had a distinct advantage in wars with other tribes because muskets were so much more effective than bows and arrows. |
| Compare and contrast European and Native American views on property. | Native Americans didn’t have any concept of owning personal property and believed that land should be held in common, for use by a group. Europeans saw land as something individuals could own |
| To what does the term “Restoration” refer? | the restoration of Charles II to the English throne |
| What was the predominant religion in Pennsylvania? | Quakerism |
| What sorts of labor systems were used in the Restoration colonies? | Since the proprietors of the Carolina colonies were absent, English planters from Barbados moved in and gained political power, establishing slave labor as the predominant form of labor. In Pennsylvania indentured servitude abounded. |
| Which of the following represents a concern that those in England and her colonies maintained about James II? | that he would promote the spread of Protestantism |
| What was the Dominion of New England? | the consolidated New England colony James II created |
| What was the outcome of the Glorious Revolution? | A transformation from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy. |
| The Negro Act of 1740 was a reaction to ________. | the Stono Rebellion |
| What was the “conspiracy” of the New York Conspiracy Trials of 1741? | Enslaved people conspiring to burn down the city and take control |
| What was the First Great Awakening? | a Protestant revival that emphasized emotional, experiential faith over book learning |
| Which of the following is not a tenet of the Enlightenment? | atheism |
| Who were the Freemasons, and why were they significant? | The Freemasons were a fraternal society that originated in London coffeehouses in the early eighteenth century. They advocated Enlightenment principles of inquiry and tolerance. |
| What was the primary goal of Britain’s wars for empire from 1688 to 1763? | the British Empire had gained mastery over North America |
| Who were the main combatants in the French and Indian War? | Great Britain against the French and their Native American allies |
| What prompted the French and Indian War? | Colonists from both France and England were running out of room to expand. |
| What was the main purpose of the Sugar Act of 1764? | It strengthened enforcement of molasses smuggling laws. |
| What did British colonists find so onerous about the acts that Prime Minister Grenville passed? | The Currency Act required colonists to pay British merchants in gold and silver instead of colonial paper money. Many colonists feared the loss of liberty with trials without juries as mandated by the Sugar Act. |
| . Which event was most responsible for the colonies’ endorsement of Samuel Adams’s Massachusetts Circular? | Lord Hillsborough’s threat to dissolve the colonial assemblies that endorsed the letter |
| Which of the following is true of the Gaspée affair? | Colonists believed that the British response represented an overreach of power. |
| What was the purpose of the Tea Act of 1773? | to help revive the struggling East India Company |
| What was the significance of the Committees of Correspondence? | The Committees of Correspondence provided a crucial means of communication among the colonies. They also set the foundation for a colonial government by breaking away from royal governmental structures. Finally, they promoted a sense of colonial unity. |
| Which colony provided the basis for the Declarations and Resolves? | Massachusetts |
| How did British General Thomas Gage attempt to deal with the uprising in Massachusetts in 1774? | He attempted to seize arms and munitions from the colonial insurgents. |
| Which of the following was not a result of Dunmore’s Proclamation? | A majority of enslaved people in the colonies won their freedom. |
| Which of the following is not true of a republic? | A republic is governed by a monarch and the royal officials he or she appoints. |
| Which city served as the base for British operations for most of the war? | New York |
| What battle turned the tide of war in favor of the Americans? | the Battle of Saratoga |
| Which term describes German soldiers hired by Great Britain to put down the American rebellion? | Hessians |
| Which American general is responsible for improving the American military position in the South? | Nathanael Greene |
| Describe the British southern strategy and its results. | The British southern strategy was to move the military theater to the southern colonies where there were more Loyalist colonists. However, British fortunes changed after Nathanael Greene took command of the southern Continental Army |
| Which of the following statements best represents the division between Patriots and Loyalists? | American colonists were divided among those who wanted independence, those who wanted to remain part of the British Empire, and those who were neutral. |
| Which of the following is not one of the tasks women performed during the Revolution? | Holding government offices |
Created by:
MKStudyMan