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NEFROLOGIA

Insuficiencia renal Aguda y Cronica

QuestionAnswer
Definición LESION RENAL AGUDA Deterioro brusco de la función renal que tiene como factor común la disminución del FG y elevación de los productos nitrogenados en sangre
AKIN I / RIGLE RISK Creatinina aumenta 1.5 x Descenso de FG + 25% Diuresis menor a 0.5 ml/kg/hora
AKIN II / RIFLE INJURY Creatinina aumenta 2x Descenso de FG + 50% Diuresis - 035 ml /kg/hra
AKIN III / RIFLE FAILURE Creatinina aumenta 3x o 4x o aumento brusco + 0.5 mg/dl Descenso de FG + 75% Diuresis - 0.3 ml/kg/hora
ETIOLOGIA IRA PRERRENAL Descenso de flujo plasmático renal - Hipovolemia ( sangrado, diarrea, quemaduras) - AUTOREGULACION alterada ( IECAS/AINES)
FISIOPATOLOGIA IRA PRERRENAL Activación del SRAA Na urinarios - 20 Meq ORINA CONCENTRADA Y BAJA EN SODIO
CLINICA Y DIAGNOSTICO IRA PRERRENA Elevación urea y creatinina Oligoanuria Orina concentrada
TRATAMIENTO IRA PRERRENAL -De la causa desencadantene -Deplecion de volumen / incrementar la volemia - Edema : furosemida
ETIOLOGIA IRA PARENQUITAMOSA Lesion intrinseca / tubulo o glomerulo - Lesion directa del tubulo isqumica o toxica -Lesion indrecta del tubulo / glomeurolonefritis - Obstruccion intratubular / acido urico, bence jones o farmacosa
Características del orina en IRA PARENQUIMATOSA Orina NO CONCENTRADA Sodio alto OMS BAJA
Clínico IRA PARENQUIMATOSA Fase de instauracion 1 a 3 dias Fase de mantenimiento Acidosis HIPER TODO potasio/magensio / Diuresis, oliguria o edemas
Tratamiento IRA PARENQUIMATOSA 1. Tratar la enfermedad de base 2. Deplecion de volumen 3. Forzar la diuresis si continua con oligo 4. Acidosis metaboikica 5. Dialisis agyda
Indicaciones de diálisis en el fracaso renal agudo Disnea secundaria a sobrecarga de volumen refractaria a diureticos Hiperpotasemia grave que no ha respondido a tratamiento medico Acidosis metabolica grave que no ha respondido a tratamiento edico Situaciones clinicas graves secundarias a la uremia
ETIOLOGIA IRA POSRENAL Obstrucción de la vía urológica Causa mas frecuente :; PATOLOGIA PROSTATICA
CLINICA ETIOLOGIA POSRENAL Volumen de diuresis variable Anuria : Obstruccion completa Nofrmal : Obstruccion incompleta Concentraciones SODIO NORMALES
DIAGNOSTICO IRA POSRENAL ECOGRAFIA : Dilaatacion via urinaria
TRATAMIENTO IRA POSRENAL Descompresión de a vía urinaria Patología prostática sondaje urinario Supra vesical : RX ETIOLOGICO Y nefrostomia en pelvis renal
Definición de INSUFICIENCIA RENAL CRONICA Disminución de la función renal expresada por una tasa de filtración glomerular - 60 ml/min/1.73 o daño renal durante al menos 3 meses Terminal si TFG menor a 15
Factores de riesgo DANO RENAL Hipertensión arterial Diabetes
Factores de progresión EMPEORAN EL DANO RENAL Proteinuria persistente Hipertensión arterial mal controlada Diabetes mellitus mal controlada
CLINICA IRC - Coloración cetrina/prurito/escarcha urémica -Mal sabor de boca, fetor urémico -Embotamiento/somnolencia/insomnio -HTA, IC, Hipertrofia ventricular izquierda -Anemia/Trastornos de la coagulación
DX IRC 1. TFG con formula 2. Medición de proteinuria con Tira reactiva y consiente albuina creatinina 3. USG RENAL
TFG + 90 G1
TFG 60 a 89 G2
TFG 45-59 G3A
TFG 30 a 44 G3B
TFG 15 a 29 G4
TFG - 15 G5 DIALISIS/TERMINAL
FORMULAS PARA TFG 1. MDRD : adultos con DB 2. Crockcroft Mejor predictor de mortadlidad 3. CKD EPI : Jovenes
CROCKCROFT 140 - EDAD X PESO /72 X CREATININA EN PLASMA X 0.85 si es mujer
En quienes de realiza tamizaje Mayores de 50 anos Diabeticos /Hipertensis
Created by: karmarodi
 

 



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