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Society
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| advocate | publicly support or suggest an idea, development, or way of doing something |
| aesthetic | something that shows great beauty |
| appropriation | the act of taking something such as an idea, custom, or style from a group or culture that you are not a member of and using it yourself |
| archetype | a typical example of something |
| austerity | a difficult economic situation caused by a government reducing the amount of money it spends |
| backlash | a strong feeling among a group of people in reaction to a change or recent events in society or politics: |
| ballot | a system or occasion of secret voting: |
| bias | an unfair personal opinion that influences your judgment |
| bill | a formal statement of a planned new law that is discussed before being voted on |
| blue-collar | relating to people who do physical work rather than mental work, and who usually do not work in an office |
| caucus | a meeting of the people who run a political party to plan activities and to decide which people the party will support in an election |
| censorship | the action of preventing part or the whole of a book, film, work of art, document, or other kind of communication from being seen or made available to the public |
| census | a count for official purposes, especially one to count the number of people living in a country and to collect information about them |
| citizen | a person who is a member of a state or country, and has legal rights there |
| commerce | the buying and selling of goods and services |
| commonplace | happening or seen frequently and so not considered special or unusual |
| community | the people living in one particular area or people who are considered as a unit because of their common interests, social group, or nationality |
| commute | make the same journey regularly between work and home |
| conflict | fighting between two or more groups of people or countries |
| consensus | a generally accepted opinion or decision among a group of people |
| constitution | a written set of rules by which a country, state, or organization is governed |
| consumer society | a society in which people often buy new goods, especially goods that they do not need |
| consumption | the using of goods and services in an economy, or the amount of goods and services used |
| conventional | traditional and ordinary |
| crisis | a time of great disagreement, confusion, or suffering |
| custom | a way of behaving or a belief that has been established for a long time |
| decrease | become less, or to make something become less: |
| deity | a god or goddess |
| disruption | an interruption in the usual way that a system, process, or event works |
| diversity | the fact of there being people of many different groups in society, within an organization, etc. |
| earnings | the amount of money that someone is paid for working |
| economic | relating to trade, industry, or money: |
| election | a time when people vote in order to choose someone for a political or official job |
| employee | someone who is paid to work for someone else |
| empowerment | the process of gaining freedom and power to do what you want or to control what happens to you |
| ethnicity | a large group of people who have the same national, racial, or cultural origins, or the state of belonging to such a group |
| evolve | change or develop gradually |
| extended family | a family unit that includes grandmothers, grandfathers, aunts, and uncles, etc. |
| fiscal stimulus | an attempt by a government to increase economic activity by reducing taxes, increasing government spending, or both |
| GDP (Gross Domestic Product) | the total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year |
| gender | used to refer to the condition of being physically male, female, or intersex |
| genre | a style, especially in the arts, that involves a particular set of characteristics |
| government | the group of people who officially control a country: |
| gross | (in) total |
| heritage | a person's racial, ethnic, religious, or cultural background |
| impact | a powerful effect that something, especially something new, has on a situation or person: |
| in-law | a parent of your husband or wife or a member of his or her family |
| incumbent on | upon someone |
| industrial action | an occasion when workers do something that is intended to force an employer to agree to something, especially by stopping work |
| inflation | a general, continuous increase in prices |
| job tenure | the length of time an employee has worked for their employer: |
| labor force | all the people in a particular country who are of the right age to work, or all the people who work for a particular company |
| leave (maternity leave, sick leave etc.) | time allowed away from work for e.g. a holiday or illness |
| legislation | a law or set of laws that is being created: |
| melting pot | a place where many different people and ideas exist together, often mixing and producing something new |
| minimum wage | the smallest amount of money that employers are legally allowed to pay someone who works for them: |
| municipality | a city or town with its own local government |
| net | left when there is nothing else to be taken away |
| norm | an accepted standard or a way of behaving or doing things that most people agree with |
| nuclear family | a family consisting of two parents and their children, but not including aunts, uncles, grandparents, etc. |
| oppression | a situation in which people are governed in an unfair and cruel way and prevented from having opportunities and freedom |
| pink-collar | relating to a job that is traditionally done by a woman |
| policy | a set of ideas or a plan of what to do in particular situations that has been agreed to officially by a group of people, a business organization, a government, or a political party |
| politician | a member of a government or law-making organization |
| poverty | the condition of being extremely poor |
| predicament | an unpleasant situation that is difficult to get out of |
| prejudice | an unfair and unreasonable opinion or feeling, especially when formed without enough thought or knowledge |
| profit | money that a business earns above what it costs to produce and sell goods and services |
| propaganda | information, ideas, opinions, or images that give one part of an argument, which are broadcast, published, etc. in order to influence people's opinions |
| public transport | a system of vehicles such as buses and trains that operate at regular times on fixed routes and are used by the public |
| recession | a period when the economy of a country is not successful and conditions for business are bad |
| refugee | a person who has escaped from their own country for political, religious, or economic reasons or because of a war |
| regulate | control something, especially by making it work in a particular way |
| retention bonus | an extra payment that is given to an employee as a way of persuading them not to leave the company |
| retirement | the act of leaving your job and stopping working, usually because you are old |
| rural | relating to the countryside |
| sanction | a strong action taken in order to make people or another country obey a law or rule, or a punishment given when they do not obey |
| secular | not having any connection with religion |
| segregation | the policy of keeping one group of people apart from another and treating them differently, especially because of race, sex, or religion |
| shortage | a situation in which there is not enough of something |
| sibling | a brother or sister |
| social welfare | services provided by the government or private organizations to help poor, ill, or old people |
| society | a large group of people who live together in an organized way, making decisions about how to do things and sharing the work that needs to be done |
| subside | become less strong or less violent |
| surplus | (an amount that is) more than is needed |
| the public | ordinary people, especially all the people who are not members of a particular organization or who do not have any special type of knowledge |
| trade union | an organization that represents the people who work in a particular industry |
| turmoil | a state of confusion, uncertainty, or disorder |
| turnover rate | the rate at which employees leave a company and are replaced by new people |
| urban | relating to a city or town |
| vacancy | a job that no one is doing and is therefore available for someone new to do |
| vernacular | the form of a language that a particular group of speakers use naturally, especially in informal situations |
| viable | able to work as intended or able to succeed |
| wellbeing | the state of feeling healthy and happy |
| white-collar | relating to people who work in offices, doing work that needs mental rather than physical effort |
| worldview | an opinion, belief, or idea, or a way of thinking about something |
| xenophobia | extreme dislike or fear of foreigners, their customs, their religions, etc |
| woes | big problems or troubles |
| buzzword | a word or expression from a particular subject area that has become fashionable by being used a lot, especially on television and in the newspapers |
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