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5th Grade Math Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Addend | Any number being added. |
| Algorithm | set of steps used to solve a mathematical computation |
| Area | The number of square units that covers a shape or figure |
| Area model | a pictorial way of representing multiplication. In the area model, the length and width of a rectangle represent factors, and the area of the rectangle represents their product. |
| Array | an orderly arrangement in rows and columns used in multiplication and division to show how multiplication can be shown as repeated addition and division can be shown as fair shares. |
| *Associative Property of Addition | When three or more numbers are added, the sum is the same regardless of the grouping of the addends. For example (2 + 3) + 4 = 2 + (3 + 4) |
| *Associative Property of Multiplication | When three or more numbers are multiplied, the product is the same regardless of the grouping of the factors. For example (2 x 3) x 4 = 2 x (3 x 4) |
| Attribute | A characteristic of an object such as color, shape, size, etc. |
| Axis (plural: axes) | The vertical and horizontal lines that make up the quadrants of a coordinate plane. |
| Bar Model | a visual model used to solve word problems in the place of guess and check. |
| Base of an exponent | the number being raised to a certain power. |
| Base of a solid figure | usually thought of as a face upon which a solid figure can sit. Most solid figures have more than one. |
| Benchmark fractions | common fractions that you can judge other numbers against |
| Braces { } | extra forms of parentheses when one set of ( ) and one set of brackets [ ] is not enough to indicate all the grouping. The key to solving with these is start on the inside and work your way OUT. |
| Brackets [ ] | extra forms of parentheses when one set of ( ) is not enough to indicate all the grouping. The key to solving with these is start on the inside and work your way OUT. |
| Centimeter (cm) | A measure of length. There are 100 centimeters in a meter |
| Commutative Property of Addition | When two numbers are added, the sum is the same regardless of the order of the addends. For example 4 + 2 = 2 + 4 |
| Commutative Property of Multiplication | When two numbers are multiplied, the product is the same regardless of the order of the factors. For example 4 x 2 = 2 x 4 |
| Compose | To put together basic elements. (e.g., Numbers or geometric shapes.) Coordinate plane |
| Coordinate system | A method of representing points in a space of given dimensions by coordinates |
| Coordinates | the pairs of numbers which specify the position or location of a point |
| Corresponding terms | terms that are in the same position in a sequence of numbers |
| Cubic unit | a unit for measuring volume |
| Customary system | the United States standard system of measurement |
| Data | A collection of information |
| Decimal | the expression of a fraction in the base of ten, using a decimal point to separate whole numbers from the fractional value |
| Decimal point | a printed or written dot in a decimal number that divides the whole numbers from the tenths, hundredths, and smaller divisions of ten |
| Decompose | To separate into basic elements. (e.g., Numbers or geometric shapes.) |
| Denominator | The bottom part of a fraction. |
| Difference | The result when one number is subtracted from another |
| *Distributive Property | multiply a sum by multiplying each addend separately and then add the products. Example: 4 x 53=(4 x 50) + (4 x 3) and 200 + 12=212 |
| Dividend | The number that is divided by another number in a division operation |
| Divisor | The quantity by which another quantity is to be divided |
| Equation | A number sentence with an equal sign. The amount on one side of the equal sign has the same value as the amount on the other side. |
| Equivalent fractions | different fractions that name the same number or amount |
| Estimate | A close guess of the actual value, usually with some thought or calculation involved |
| Evaluate | To substitute number values into an expression |
| Expanded form | a way to write a number that shows the sum of values of each digit of a number. Example: the expanded form of the number 543 would be 500 + 40 + 3. |
| Exponent | a mathematical notation that implies the number of times a number is to be multiplied by itself |
| Expression | A mathematical phrase without an equal sign. |
| Factor | One of two or more expressions that are multiplied together to get a product |
| Finite decimal | A decimal with a representation that ends (also terminating) |
| Fluency | efficient, flexible and accurate methods for computing |
| Formula | a standard procedure for solving a class of mathematical problems |
| >Greater than | is used to compare two numbers when the first number is larger than the second number |
| Hundredth | One out of one hundred equal parts; the position of the second digit to the right of the decimal point |
| Improper fraction | a fraction in which the number in the numerator is greater than or equal to the number in the denominator. |
| Inequality | a mathematical sentence that uses symbols such as < or > to compare two quantities |
| Intersect | Two lines are said to intersect when they cross each other or meet, at a single point. |
| <Less than | is used to compare two numbers when the first number is smaller than the second number |
| Like denominators | denominators in two or more fractions that are the same |
| Line plot | shows data on a number line with x or other marks to show frequency |
| Lowest terms | a fraction expressed in the fewest number of pieces possible (also simplest form) |
| Meter (m) | The basic unit of length (or distance) in the Metric System. The abbreviation is m |
| Metric system | A system of measuring based on the meter for length |
| Millimeter (mm) | a metric unit used to measure length; 1,000 mm = 1 meter |
| Minuend | the starting number in a subtraction problem |
| Mixed number | A number written as a whole number and a fraction |
| *Multiplicative Identity Property of 1 | The number 1 is the multiplicative identity because multiplying 1 times any number gives that number |
| Number bond | a picture of the relationship between a number and the parts that combine to make it. |
| Number line | A line with numbers placed in their correct position |
| Numerator | The top part of a fraction |
| Open Number Line | A number line with no numbers or tick marks |
| Order of Operations | is a rule used to clarify which procedures should be performed first in a given mathematical expression. |
| Ordered pair | Set of two numbers in which the order has an agreed-upon meaning, such as the Cartesian coordinates (x, y), where the first coordinate represents the horizontal position, and the second coordinate represents the vertical position. |
| Origin | The point (0, 0) on a coordinate plane, where the x-axis and the y-axis intersect. |
| Parentheses | the symbols ( and ) used in grouping |
| Perpendicular lines | Two intersecting lines have four right angles formed at the intersection points |
| Place value | The value of where the digit is in the number |
| Plane | A flat surface that stretches into infinity. |
| Powers of ten | 10 raised to any non-negative integer exponent, i.e., 100, 101, 102, and so on |
| Product | The result of two numbers being multiplied together |
| Proper fraction | A fraction whose numerator is less than its denominator |
| Quadrants | One of the quarters of the plane of the Cartesian coordinate system |
| Quotient | The answer to a division problem. |
| Remainder | the amount left over after division when one divisor does not divide the dividend exactly |
| Right rectangular prism | A rectangular prism is a solid 3D object with six sides that are rectangles |
| Right triangle | a triangle with one right angle |
| Round | A method of approximating a number to its nearest place value |
| Scaling | reducing or enlarging an original drawing |
| Sequence | an ordered list of numbers that has a constant difference between every two consecutive numbers |
| Simplest form | when a fraction is expressed with the fewest number of pieces possible (also lowest term) |
| Simplify | to express a fraction in simplest form |
| Solid figure | 3 dimensional (3D) shapes that have width, depth, and height |
| Standard form | the numerical version of a number where each number has a place value |
| Subtrahend | the number to be subtracted from another number |
| Sum | The answer to an addition problem |
| Tenth | One out of one ten equal parts; the position of the first digit to the right of the decimal point |
| Term | a single number, or a variable, or numbers and variables multiplied together |
| Thousandth | One out of one thousand equal parts; the position of the third digit to the right of the decimal point |
| Three-dimensional figure | An object that has height, width and depth, like any object in the real world |
| Tiling | When you fit individual tiles together with no gaps or overlaps to fill a flat space |
| Two-dimensional figure | Lying in a plane; flat |
| Unit cube | a cube whose sides are 1 unit long; used for measuring volume |
| Unit fraction | a fraction with a numerator of one |
| Unlike denominators | two or more fractions that do not have the same denominator |
| Volume | The amount of 3-dimensional space an object occupies |
| Whole numbers | The set of numbers that includes zero and all of the natural numbers |
| X-axis | The line on a graph that runs horizontally (left-right) through zero |
| X-coordinate | The horizontal value in a pair of coordinates |
| Y-axis | The line on a graph that runs vertically (up-down) through zero |
| Y-coordinate | The vertical value in a pair of coordinates. How far up or down the point is |
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