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4 chap 60 med terms
60 med terms for chap 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| abduction (ab-DUCK-shun) | the movement of a limb (arm or leg) away from the midline of the body (ab- means away from, duct means to lead, and -ion means action) |
| adduction (ah-DUCK-shun) | the movement of a limb (arm or leg) toward the midline of the body (ad- means toward, duct means to lead, and -ion means action) |
| adhesion (ad-HEE-zhun) | band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally |
| ataxia (ah-TACK-see-ah) | the lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement (a- means without, tax means coordination, and -ia means condition) |
| atonic (ah-TON-ick) | lacking normal muscle tone or strength (a- means without, ton means tone, and -ic means pertaining to) |
| atrophy (AT-roh-fee) | means weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures |
| bradykinesia (brad-ee-kih-NEE-zee-ah) | extreme slowness in movement (brady- means slow, kines means movement, and -ia means condition) |
| carpal tunnel syndrome (KAR-pul) | occur when the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel into the hand are chronically overused and become inflamed and swollen |
| chronic fatigue syndrome | a disease of unknown cause that affects many body systems, with symptoms similar to those of fibromyalgia |
| circumduction (ser-kum-DUCK-shun) | the circular movement at the far end of a limb |
| compartment syndrome | involves the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the compartment, an enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles in the arm or leg |
| dorsiflexion (dor-sih-FLECK-shun) | the movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle |
| dyskinesia (dis-kih-NEE-zee-ah) | the distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky motions (dys- means bad, kines means movement, and -ia means condition) |
| dystonia (dis-TOH-nee-ah) | a movement disorder characterized by the involuntary and sometimes repetitive contraction of certain muscles (dys- means bad, ton means tone, and -ia means condition) |
| electromyography (ee-leck-troh-my-OG-rah-fee) | a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation (electr/o means electricity, my/o means muscle, and -graphy means the process of producing a picture or record) |
| epicondylitis (ep-ih-kon-dih-LYE-tis) | inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow (epi- means on, condyl means condyle, and -itis means inflammation). Condyle refers to the round prominence at the end of a bone |
| ergonomics (er-goh-NOM-icks) | the study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment. |
| exercise physiologist (fiz-ee-OL-oh-jist) | a specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness |
| fasciitis (fas-ee-EYE-tis) | inflammation of a fascia (fasci means fascia, and -itis means inflammation) |
| fibromyalgia (figh-broh-my-AL-jee-ah) | a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain; and a wide range of other symptoms (fibr/o means fibrous tissue, my means muscle, and -algia means pain) |
| ganglion cyst (GANG-glee-on SIST) | a benign, fluid-filled lump that usually occurs on the outer surface of the wrist or hand, sometimes as a result of a past injury |
| heel spur | a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the calcaneus (heel) bone |
| hemiparesis (hem-ee-pah-REE-sis) | a weakness or slight paralysis affecting one side of the body (hemi- means half, and -paresis means partial or incomplete paralysis) |
| hemiplegia (hem-ee-PLEE-jee-ah) | total paralysis affecting only one side of the body (hemi- means half, and -plegia means paralysis) |
| hernia (HER-nee-ah) | occurs when tissue, such as part of an internal organ, protrudes through a weak area in the muscle normally containing it |
| hyperkinesia (high-per-kye-NEE-zee-ah) | also known as hyperactivity, is abnormally increased muscle function or activity (hyper- means excessive, kines means movement, and -ia means condition) |
| hypotonia (high-poh-TOH-nee-ah) | a condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles (hypo- means deficient, ton means tone, and -ia means condition) |
| impingement syndrome (im-PINJ-ment SIN-drohm) | also known as rotator cuff tendinitis, occurs when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint |
| innervation (in-err-VAY-shun) | the stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve |
| insertion | where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon. In contrast to the origin, the insertion is the more movable attachment, and it is the farthest point from the midline of the body |
| intermittent claudication (klaw-dih-KAY-shun) | pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest. Intermittent means coming and going at intervals, and claudication means limping |
| muscular dystrophy (DIS-troh-fee) | a group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement, without affecting the nervous system |
| myasthenia gravis (my-as-THEE-nee-ah GRAH-vis) | a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces weakness and rapid fatigue of voluntary muscles (my means muscle, and -asthenia means weakness or lack of strength). Gravis comes from Latin meaning grave or serious. |
| myoclonus (my-oh-KLOH-nus) | the quick, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles (my/o means muscle, clon means violent action, and -us is a singular noun ending) |
| myofascial release (my-oh-FASH-ee-ahl) | a specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia |
| myoparesis (my-oh-pah-REE-sis) | a weakness or slight muscular paralysis (my/o means muscle, and -paresis means partial or incomplete paralysis) |
| myorrhaphy (my-OR-ah-fee) | the surgical suturing of a muscle (my/o means muscle, and -rrhaphy means surgical suturing). |
| neuromuscular (new-roh-MUS-kyou-lar) | means pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle (neur/o means nerve, muscul means muscle, and -ar means pertaining to) |
| oblique (oh-BLEEK) | means slanted or at an angle |
| origin | where the muscle begins; located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton. The origin is the less movable attachment |
| paralysis (pah-RAL-ih-sis) | the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply |
| paraplegia (pahr-ah-PLEE-jee-ah) | also known as partial paralysis, is the paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body |
| physiatrist (fiz-ee-AT-rist) | a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function |
| plantar fasciitis (PLAN-tar fas-ee-EYE-tis) | also known as plantar fasciopathy, is an inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot |
| polymyositis (pol-ee-my-oh-SIGH-tis) | a muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body (poly- means many, myos means muscle, and -itis means inflammation) |
| pronation (proh-NAY-shun) | the act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward or backward |
| quadriplegia (kwad-rih-PLEE-jee-ah) | also known as tetraplegia, is paralysis of all four extremities (quadr/i means four, and -plegia means paralysis) |
| sarcopenia (sar-koh-PEE-nee-ah) | the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that come with aging (sarc/o means flesh, and -penia means deficiency) |
| shin splint | painful condition caused by the tibialis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia (shin bone) |
| singultus (sing-GUL-tus) | also known as hiccups, is myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm |
| sphincter (SFINK-ter) | a ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway |
| sprain | an injury to a joint, such as an ankle, knee, or wrist, which usually occurs when a ligament is wrenched or torn |
| tendinopathy (ten-din-OP-ah-thee) | the general term for irritation or degeneration of a tendon in any joint, for example in the rotator cuff (tendin/o means tendon and -pathy means disease) |
| tenodesis (ten-ODD-eh-sis) | the surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone (ten/o means tendon, and -desis means to bind or tie together) |
| tenolysis (ten-OL-ih-sis) | the release of a tendon from adhesions (ten/o means tendon, and -lysis means to set free) |
| tenosynovitis (ten-oh-sin-oh-VYE-tis) | an inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon (ten/o means tendon, synov means synovial membrane, and -itis means inflammation) |
| tenotomy (ten-OT-ah-mee) | the surgical cutting of a tendon to provide release or allow lengthening (ten means tendon, and -otomy means surgical incision) |
| torticollis (tor-tih-KOL-is) | also known as wryneck, is a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side |
| transverse (trans-VERSE) | in a crosswise direction |
| contracture (kon-TRACK-chur) | permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues |
Created by:
alexandra...