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OSHA
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Concentration of 0.5 ppm of formaldehyde calculated as an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) concentration, as defined by OSHA. These levels are established to ensure adequate protection of employees at exposures below the OSHA limits, | Action level/AL |
| Biological agent or condition that constitutes a hazard to humans | Biohazard also known as Infectious Waste. |
| Bloodborne pathogens, blood or body fluids exposure, any potentially infective, contaminated waste that constitutes a hazard to humans in the workplace. | Biohazardous waste |
| Pathogenic microorganism present in human blood that can cause disease in humans. | Bloodborne pathogen |
| OSHA regulation (29 CFR 1910.1030) regulating the employee's exposure to blood and other body fluids. OSHA definitions: Blood, human blood, human blood components, and products made from human blood. | Bloodborne Pathogen Standard |
| A cancer-causing chemical or material. | Carcinogen |
| Disease that may be transmitted either directly or indirectly between individuals by an infectious agent. | Communicable disease |
| Laundry which has been solid with blood or other potentially infectious materials or may contain sharps. | Contaminated laundry |
| Any contaminated object that can penetrate the skin including, but not limited to, needles, scalpels, broken glass, and exposed ends of wires. | Contaminated sharps |
| OSHA-required safety device for a release of a copious amount of water in a short time. | Drench shower |
| Mechanical systems, devices, and procedures of a facility designed to isolate or remove hazards from the workplace (e.g. sharps disposal container, self-sheathing needles, ventilation system to remove formaldehyde/other fumes). | Engineering controls |
| A specific eye, mouth, other mucous membrane, non-intact skin, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials (OPIM) that results from the performance of an employee's duties. | Exposure incident |
| OSHA-required emergency safety device providing a steady stream of water for flushing the eye. | Eyewash station |
| OSHA regulation (29 CFR 1910.1048) limiting the amount of occupational exposure to formaldehyde gas. | Formaldehyde Standard |
| OSHA regulation (29 CFR 1910.1200) that deals with identifying and limiting occupational exposure to hazardous substances (e.g. chemicals); also known as the "Right To Know" Act. | Hazard Communication Standard |
| An agent or material exposing one to risk. | Hazardous material |
| Inflammation of the liver; may be caused by a variety of agents, including viral infections, bacterial invasion, and physical or chemical agents; usually accompanied by fever, jaundice, and an enlarged liver. | Hepatitis |
| A severe infectious bloodborne virus. | Hepatitis B virus (HBV) |
| Condition caused by the growth of a pathogenic microorganism in the body. | Infectious disease |
| Reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral, contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that may result from the performance of an employee's duties. | Occupational exposure |
| Introduced into the body by piercing mucous membranes or the skin barrier through events such as needlesticks, human bites, cuts, and abrasions. | Parenteral |
| OSHA-required, puncture-resistant, leak-proof receptacle for proper disposal of sharp objects. | Sharps container |
| An approach to infection control. According to the concept of Universal Precaution, all human blood and certain human body fluids are treated as if known to be infectious for HIV, HBV, and other blood borne pathogens. | Universal precautions |
| Procedures/controls that reduce the likelihood of exposure to a hazard by altering the manner in which a task is performed (e.g. prohibiting recapping of needles; keeping the lid on the embalming machine during use to reduce the amount of HCHO fumes escap | Work practice controls |
| but to minimize the compliance burdens for employers whose employees have exposures below the 8 hour permissible exposure limit (PEL). Also called AL Exposure Limits. | Action Level (AL) part 2 |
| Occupational Safety & Health Act is designed to protect employees from unsafe practices in the workplace. OSHA also stands for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, which is part of the Department of Labor (DOL.) | t |
| Who Must Comply with OSHA Standards? | OSHA requires that all employers comply with the standards of the act. The only exceptions to this requirement apply to those who are self-employed. The application for funeral homes would funeral home which does not hire any employees; |
| OSHA Inspections | A. Employee Complaint B. Fatality or hospitalization of three (3) or more employees C. Routine Inspections |
| This means, each employer is obligated to provide a safe environment and each employee is obligated to comply with the laws as well as employer rules. | t |
| Bear in mind that this exemption does not affect the requirement of funeral homes (or any other low-hazard industry) from reporting to OSHA (within 8 hours) the following work-related injuries: | All work-related fatalities • All work-related inpatient hospitalizations of one or more employees • All work-related amputations • All work-related losses of an eye |
| Employees may access any employee exposure records that show the measuring or monitoring of your own exposure to a toxic substance or harmful physical agent. If your employer does not have any records that specifically chart your own exposure levels, | you may access the exposure records of employees who engage in similar work or working conditions and may have experienced exposures similar to yours. |
| Employee medical records | for at least the duration of the employee's employment plus 30 years |
| Employee exposure records for | at least 30 years, |
| A specific eye, mouth, other mucous membrane, non-intact skin, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials (OPIM) that results from the performance of an employee's duties. | What is an exposure incident? |
| Hazard Communication Plan is a written document that outlines how a funeral home will comply written plan must include: | 1. Implementation of Labeling of Hazardous Chemicals 2. Implementation of use of SDS's 3. The methods of Employee Information and Training 4. List of hazardous chemicals 5. Globally Harmonized System (GHS) Implementation |
| 1. A Label is required on all containers except those for immediate use. | Examples of immediate use would include: placing disinfectant in a bucket for mopping the floor, and placing embalming solution in an embalming machine. |
| SDS must be supplied by manufacturer to employer at the time of shipment of chemical 3. If SDS is not supplied with chemical, the employer must request one from the manufacturer as soon as possible | SDS must be available to employees in the workplace 5. Non-hazardous chemicals are not required to be listed on an SDS |
| Labels | Chemical manufacturers and importers must provide a label that includes a signal word, pictogram, hazard statement, signal word, and precautionary statement for each hazard class and category. |
| Safety Data Sheet (SDS): | he new format requires 16 specific sections, ensuring consistency in presentation of important protection information. |
| Short Term Exposure Level: | This is a 15 minute test taken at the height of exposure to formaldehyde which would be while mixing fluids, beginning injection or during injection of cavity fluid. Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL) = 2 ppm over a 15-minute time period |
| B. Time Weighted Average (TWA) | This is an 8 hour test taken during a normal work day, so it should be taken over the entire work shift of the employee. The Time Weighted Average has two levels that require different levels of corrective steps. Action Level = 0.5 - 0.75 |
| Initial formaldehyde monitoring must be completed each time there is a change in the procedure, personnel, or structure of the embalming room OR if there are reports of signs or symptoms that are associated with formaldehyde exposure. | The funeral home may discontinue monitoring if the results of 2 consecutive samplings taken at least 7 days apart show the exposure level is below the action level and below the STEL. |
| a. Repeat monitoring within 6 months b. Place Formaldehyde warning sign on the door c. Conduct Medical surveillance d. Plan to reduce exposure levels | If the TWA is between .5 and .75 ppm, that is in the Action Level, the following steps (i.e. "actions") must be taken to prevent readings from reaching non-compliant levels: |
| a. Repeat monitoring within 12 months b. Place Formaldehyde warning sign on the door c. Conduct Medical surveillance d. Written Plan to reduce exposure levels e. Respirators worn by all who enter embalming room | If the STEL is above 2 ppm OR the TWA is above .75 ppm, then the embalming room is out of compliance and the following steps must be taken to bring the levels back into compliance: |
| ii) Funeral homes that allow employees to wear respirators that have not been fit-tested or been equipped with the proper filter (i.e. for formaldehyde) are not in compliance. | i) All respirators need to be fit-tested before use. The standard lists elements of fit-testing. Respirators that have not been fit-tested and approved for specific uses can actually be dangerous to th |
| 1. Engineering controls and work practices may include: wearing PPEs (personal protective equipment) b. ventilation that exchanges air c. cover the embalming machine with its lid | recap empty embalming fluid bottles e. run water continually on the table f. continual aspiration for an autopsied case |
| Hygiene Protection change rooms for employees who are required to change from work clothing into protective clothing drench shower if the employee's skin may become splashed with solutions containing 1 percent or greater formaldehyde | The drench shower must produce at least 20 gallons per minute for 15 minutes. eyewash station within the immediate work area. The eyewash station must produce at least .4 gallons of fresh water per minute (gpm) for 15 minutes. |
| Signage should be placed on the embalming machine and any other equipment that contains formaldehyde, such as a washing machine that is used to wash contaminated laundry that may be soiled with formaldehyde. | In addition, if protective clothing is reused after washing, the container that holds the clothing to be washed and the dirty towels, should have the formaldehyde warning signs |
| means that employer will pay for the employee to be seen by a physician (if needed) after completion of a medical disease questionnaire by the employee. | Medical Surveillance |
| . Provided at no cost during working hours 2. Training at the time of initial employment and at least annually thereafter | Employee Training The training will apply only to those employees for which the exposure determination states they could potentially be exposed to formaldehyde. |
| Acute effects | . ingestion 2. inhalation 3. dermal 4. eye contact |
| B. Chronic Effects | carcinogenicity 2. toxicity 3. mutagenicity - it has the ability to induce genetic mutation 4. teratogenicity - it has the ability to cause birth defect |
| Exposure Control Plan A. There must be a written plan and includes an Exposure determination for employees and contains: a. List of all job classifications in which all employees in those classifications have occupational exposure | b. List of all job classifications in which some employees have occupational exposure B. The plan must be reviewed annually |
| PPE b. Hand-washing facilities (or appropriate antiseptic hand cleanser) | *One of the most common (and most effective) methods of controlling the spread of blood-borne pathogens is simply washing your hands. |
| Reusable sharps shall be placed in appropriate containers. The containers shall be: | puncture resistant 2) labeled or color-coded 3) leak proof on the sides and bottom |
| b. Masks, eye protection and face shields are required c. Gowns, aprons, and other protective clothing are required | This includes during removals at homes. |
| Housekeeping1. Keep the work area clean | 2. Reusable sharps that are contaminated with blood or OPIM shall not be stored or processed in a manner that requires employees to reach by hand into containers where these sharps have been placed |
| 3. Disposal of contaminated sharps in container which is: | closable b. puncture resistant c. leak proof on sides and bottom d. labeled or color-coded e. maintained upright during use |
| f. sharps containers are then placed in a secondary leak proof container. This can be accomplished by placing the sharps container in the regular biohazard box. | t |
| 1. Employer makes Hepatitis B vaccination available to all employees who have occupational exposure: | At no cost to the employee b. At a reasonable time and place c. After the BBP training and within 10 days of beginning work declines the Hepatitis B Vacc, it is provided by the employer at no cost to the employee. |
| Labels and Signs | . Warning labels shall be affixed to containers of regulated waste, refrigerators containing blood 2. Labels shall be fluorescent orange or red 3. Red bags may be used for containers 4. Labels contain 3 interlocking circles (the biohazard symbol) |
| 1. Medical record for BBP shall include: . name and SS# of employee b. copy of Hepatitis B vaccination c. copy of all results of examinations | Training records are maintained for at least 3 years from the date on which the training occurred 3. A sharps injury log is to be kept by the employer |
Created by:
jcowing