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Electricity

QuestionAnswer
Conductor A substance that allows charge to flow through it. Q = It
Insulator A substance that does not allow charge to flow through it
Electric Field The region in which electric charges at rest will experience a force
Potential Difference The potential difference between two points is the work done in bringing unit charge from one point to the other
Volt The potential difference is one volt if the work is done bringing a charge of 1C from one point to the other is 1J
Capacitance The ratio of charge to potential C = Q/v, C = ε(A/d)
Electric Field Strength The force per unit positive charge at that point. (N/C) E = F/Q, E = 1/4πεod
Coulombs Law The force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of the magnitude of the charges and is inversely proportional to the square root of the distance between them.
Electric Current A flow of charge
E.M.F This is the work done in bringing unit charge around a complete circuit. (v)
Resistance The ratio of potential difference across a conductor to the current flowing through it
Resistivity The resistivity of a conductor of length l and of cross-sectional area A with resistance R is given by p = RA/l
Ohm's Law The current flowing through a wire is proportional to the potential difference across it. i.e. V &MI or V=IR where R is the resistance of the wire
Ampere The ampere is that constant current which if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible cross sectional area placed 1m apart in a vacuum causes each other to exert a force of 2 x 10^-7 N per meter length of each other
Faraday's Law The induced EMF in a conductor is directly proportional to the rate at which the conductor cuts the magnetic flux. emf=−NΔΦΔt.
Lenz's Law The direction of the induced current is such that it opposes the motion of change causing is. emf=−NΔΦΔt.
Joule's Law The heat produced electrically is proportional to the square of the current, the resistance of the heating wire and the time of the heating. P = I^2R H = I^2Rt
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