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Mechanical advantage
Quiz
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Force | A push or pull that acts on a object |
| Contact force | Must touch the object, for example hitting a tennis ball |
| Non-contact force | Without touching the object so gravity, static electricty and magnetism |
| Gravity | An insible force that pulls objects toward eachtother. |
| friciton | Force that resists the sliding of one solid object over another |
| Distance | How much ground is being covered from despite its starting or ending point |
| Rub | Rubbing also known as friciton is moving an object in contact wih another object using friciton and pressure, like rubing your hands toegther |
| Adhesive | A substance that is capable of sticking or bonding two surfaces together resisting seperation, like glue |
| Heat | Used to describe the spread of thermal energy caused by a differnce in tempature between two systems or objects, its a source of energy. |
| Forward motion | The movement of a object in a specific direction |
| Lubricant | A lubricant is a substance used to reduce friciotn between surfaces in mutual contact, reducing heat. Theres oil based and water based nad silicone based. |
| Input work | the effort that is being applied to the machine to perform its duty, the work being done |
| output work | the useful work that is produced by a machine with the help of the input work |
| Weight | Weight is the amount of force on a object due to gravity, for example if you go to the moon your weight will change becasue the force of gravity on the moon is 6 times weaker then the force of gravity on earth |
| Gravitational field | 9.8 newtons per kilogram |
| What is work | Work is the amount of effort spent when a force causes an object to move at a distance |
| Example of work | Kicking a ball becasue the force of your foot lifted a ball to move at a distance |
| Example of no work | Holding a poster against the wall without movie because your not moving the poster at a distance |
| Formula work | W= F x d = ?J |
| Lever | A rigid bar that supported at one point |
| Three parts of a lever | Effort, the force being applied to a simple machie, a man’s hand applying force to the handle of a shovel. Load, the weight that is being lifted or supported by a simple machine, (the dirt that’s being shoveled). Fulcrum, the fixed point that doesn’t mov |
| Effort, | Input Force, the Force THATS being applied |
| 1 class lever | When the fulcrum is between the effort and load, for example sciccors and opening a can with a pry bar. |
| 2nd class | When the load is in the middle for example , wheel barrow, nut cracker |
| 3rd | When the effort is in the middle, tweezers, tongs, axe |
| Mechanical advantage | The amount by which a machine can multiply a input force |
| Formula for mechanical advantage | F-out / F- in = there is NOT unit . |
| Ideal mechanical advantage | The mechanical advantage of a machine that has no friction which means no energy is being converted into thermal energy |
| Formula for ideal mechanical advantage | IMA= d-in/d-out= also no unit |
| Load | The weight that is being supported or moved by the simple machine |
| Fulcrum | The fixed point, the support, doesn’t move |
| Which one ignores firciton | Ideal mechanical advantage ignores friction because it’s an ideal machine |
| Are machines always trying to get a higher mechanical advantage, are there times where you want a low advanatge | A lower mechanical advantage could prioritize safety and control, say you need to lift a car off the ground with a car Jack, but the mechanical advantage of the Jack is too high , it could lift the car too quickly with excessive force and could damage car |
| Mechanical advanatge and ideal mechnical advanatge | The ratio of forces and the ratio of distance |
| Where does the lost energy go | Lost energy goes towards friction and other sources of energy like thermal energy |
| Formula for efficiency | W-out/W-in X 100% |
| Ideal mechanical advanatge of a lever | L-in/L-out= no unit |
| inclined plane | A sloping surface on which an object can move on |
| IMA of inclined plane | length/height l/h |
| Pulley | A grove wheel with a rope looped around it , fixed pulleys can only change the direction of the rope becasue they are unmovable, if one end of the pulley is fixed and the other csn move freely it is a movable pulley |
| IMA of pulley | Example elevator , how many support strings are going up |
| Wheel and axle | A shaft or axle that to a larger disk which is a wheel, for example a screeriver the shaft is the axle and the handle is the wheel. |
| Ima of wheel and axle if Input Force is on wheel | Radius of the wheel / radius of the Axel IMA= R-w/R-a |
| Ima of wheel and axle if Input Force is on axle | Radius of the axle / wheel of the radius R-a/R-w |
| Example of wheel and axle | Car, bike, wheel chair , doorknob |
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