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Mechanics

Definitions

TermDefinition
Displacement The displacement of a particle from a fixed point is its distance from that point in a particular direction
Velocity The rate of change of displacement with respect to time (m/s)
Acceleration The rate of change of velocity with respect to time (m/s^2)
Scalar Quantity A quantity that has no direction associated with it e.g. Mass
Vector Quantity A quantity that has direction and magnitude associated with it e.g. Velocity
Force A force is something that causes or tries to cause acceleration F=ma
Momentum The product of its mass and velocity (Kg/s)
Conservation of Momentum m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2
Newton's First Law of Motion Every body remains in a state of rest, or of uniform motion in a straight line, unless acted on by an external force
Newton's Second Law of Motion The rate of change in momentum of a body is proportional to the applied force and takes place in the direction in which the force acts
Newton's Third Law of Momentum If one body A, exerts a force on a second body B, then B exerts an equal and opposite force on A
\Weight The weight of a body is the gravitational force exerted on it by the earth
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation Every two bodies attract each other with a force that is directly proportional to the square of the distance between them F = GMm/d^2
Angular Velocity The rate of change of angular displacement with respect to time (rad/s)
Centripetal Force The force towards the centre that keeps a body moving in a circular path. F = mrw^2 ; F = mv^2/r Centripetal all: a = rw^2 = v^2/r
Simple Harmonic Motion The motion of a particle is simple harmonic if its acceleration towards a particular point it proportional to its displacement from that point
Hooke's Law The extension of an elastic material is directly proportional to the force producing the extension. F = -ks
Density The mass per unit volume of a substance (g/cm^3) p = m/v
Pressure The force acting on unit area (N/m^2) P = F/a ; P = pgh
Moment The moment of a force about any axis is the product of the force and the perpendicular distance between the axis and the line of action of the force (Nm) F1d1 = F2d2
Equilibrium A body is in equilibrium when its acceleration is zero
Couple A couple is a system of forces which has a turning effect only - the resultant of the forces is zero. T = fd
Principle of moments When a body is in equilibrium the sum of the moments, about any axis, of the external forces acting on a body is zero.
Archimedes Principle When a body is partially or wholly immersed in a fluid the upthrust is equal in magnitude to the weight of the fluid displaced.
Law of Flotation The weight of a floating body is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.
Energy Energy is the ability to do work (J)
Principle of Conservation of Energy Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only changed from one form to another.
Work Work is done when a force moves a body. The amount of work done is equal to the product of the force and the distance moved. W = fd One joule of work is done when a force of 1 newton moves something a distance 1 metre.
Power The rate of at which work is done (W) Power = VI
Popular Physics sets

 

 



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