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Anti-Inflam Drugs
Pharmacology II
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 main groups of anti-inflammatory drugs | Steroids, NSAID's and antihistamines |
| What chemical causes every sign of inflammation | Prostaglandins |
| Glucocorticoids block what part of the inflammatory pathway | Prostaglandins |
| NSAIDS block what part of the inflammatory pathway | Cyclooxgenase |
| What are the two types of corticosteroids | Gluco/Minerocorticoids |
| What is the main form of glucocorticoids | Cortisol |
| Whatv is the main form of minerocorticoids | Aldosterone |
| Artificial glucocorticoids are more _____ than natural ones | Stronger |
| What are the uses for glucocorticoids | Inflammatory conditions, neoplasia, allergic responses, immune-mediated dz's, and ocularly (with caution) |
| At high doses and/or prolonged use of glucocorticoids, it will cause what | Immunosuppression |
| Glucocorticoid drugs can be identified as they all end in what | -sone/-one |
| Short acting glucocorticoids last how long | less than 12 hours |
| Intermediate acting glucocorticoids last how long | 12-36 hours |
| Long acting glucocorticoids last how long | More than 48 hours |
| Long acting glucocorticoids are never given what | IV |
| Side effects of glucocorticoids | Polyuria/dipsia/phagia, immunosuppression, and delays re-epitheliazation |
| When an animal has been on an excessive dose of glucocorticoids it can cause what | Iatrogenic Cushing's |
| When an animal is not tapered off of glucocorticoids is can cause what | Iatrogenic Addison's |
| Prednisone is transformed into what by the liver | Prednisolone |
| Pednisolone is typically given to who | Cats and those with comprimised liver function |
| NSAIDS | Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs |
| What is the most common side effects of NSAIDS | Gastric ulcers, bleeding, and bone marrow suppression |
| Which cyclooxygenase is present in the stomach and has protective effects | COX-1 |
| Which cyclooxygenase is only really present in sites of pain and inflammation | COX-2 |
| COX-1 promotes blood flow to what | The kidneys |
| Types of NSAIDS | Salicylates, pyrazolone derivatives, propionic acid derivatives, COX-2 inhibitors, and miscellaneous |
| What type of NSAID is asprin | Salicylate |
| Asprin akas | Acetylsalicylic acid or asa |
| Asprin reduces what | Platelet aggregation |
| Asprin should be given with what | Food |
| What animal should asprin be used with extreme caution | Cats |
| Asprin damages what with long term use | The liver |
| What type of NSAID is phenylbutazone | Pyrazolone derivative |
| Phenylbutazone aka | Bute |
| Phenylbutazone in a medicine commonly used in who | Equine |
| Phenylbutazone is a highly __________ drug, when unbound it will cause toxic reations | Protein bound |
| Bute is banned in who | Dairy cattle |
| Propionic acid derivatives NSAIDS usually end in what | -fen |
| What type of NSAID is naproxen | Propionic acid derivative |
| Naproxen is approved in who | Horses |
| What propionic acid derivative is also sometimes categorized as a COX-2 inhibitor | Caprofen(Rimadyle) |
| Who is more susceptible to liver issues with propionic acid derivative drugs | Labradors |
| Selective COX-2 inhibitors aka | COX-1 sparing agents |
| What type of NSAID is deracoxib, meloxicam, firocoxib, and caprofen (occasionally) | Selective COX-2 inhibitors |
| Caprofen brand name | Rimadyle |
| Deracoxib brand name | Deramaxx |
| Meloxicam brand name | Metacam |
| What drug comes as a beef flavored chewable tablet | Deracoxib(Deramaxx) |
| What drug is a once in a lifetime SQ injection in cats | Meloxicam(Metacam) |
| Firocoxib brand name | Equioxx(equine) and Preicox(dogs) |
| What type of NSAID is flunixin meglumine | Miscellaneous |
| Flunixin meglumine brand name | Finadyne |
| Who is flunixine meglumine(Finadyne) approved in | Horses, swine, and cattle |
| What drug treats colic and other inflammatory conditions in horses | Flunixine meglumine(Finadyne) |
| What type of NSAID is tepoxalin | Dual-pathway |
| Tepoxalin brand name | Zubrin |
| Tepoxalin(Zubrin) blocks what | Cycooxygenase and lipoxygenase |
| What drug comes as a tablet that dissolves in seconds | Tepoxalin(Zubrin) |
| DMSO | Dimethyl Sulfoxide |
| What drug is known for its ability to penetrate the skin and serve as a carrier for other drugs | DMSO |
| GAGs | Glycosaminoglycans |
| Hyaluronic acid is approved as injected intra-articular in who | Horses |
| PSGAGs | Polysulfated glycosaminoglycans |
| PSGAGs is an injected IA in who and IM in who | IA in horses and IM in dogs |
| Antihistamines aka | H1 blockers or histamine antagonists |
| What adverse side effect of antihistamines is sometimes used as a wanted effect | Drowsiness |
| Types of antihistamines | Diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine HCl, cetirizine, and trimeprazine |
| Diphenhydramine brand name | Benadryl |
| Cetirizine brand name | Zyrtec |
| Cyclosporine brand name | Atopica |
| Cyclosporine(Atopica) is the effective what | Immunosuppresant |
| What does cyclosporine(Atopica) supress | T-lymphocytes by inhibiting cytokines |
| What is the most toxic antiinflammatory drug for cats and most animals | Acetaminophen(Tylenol) |
| What is the sign of acetaminophen toxcity | Blood resembling chocolate |
| How is acetaminophen toxcity treated | Acetylcysteine(Mucomyst) |
Created by:
insomaic