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Radioactivity

TermDefinition
Radioactivity The spontaneous breaking up of unstable nuclei with the emission of one or more types of radiation
Half Life The time taken for half of the nuclei in any given sample to decay.
Alpha Particles Consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons (Helium nucleus) Large mass, so travel slowly Americium -2411 emits alpha particles (smoke detectors) Not dangerous
Beta Particles Fast moving electrons neutron - proton + electron More penetrating than alpha particles Carbon-14 emits beta particles
Gamma Radiation High energy electromagnetic radiation Doesn't consist of charged particles High penetrating ability, only stopped by thick lead. Cobalt-60 used in radiotherapy, Cancerous, and most dangerous.
Nuclear Reactions A process that alters the composition, structure or energy of an atomic nucleus.
Transmutation The changing of one element into another
Radioisotope A radioactive isotope.
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