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Glucose Tolerance Te
Complications
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| NIDDM | Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus |
| IDDM | Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus |
| OGGT | Oral glucose tolerance test |
| Where is glucose absorbed once ingested | Stomach |
| Instructions to be given to patient BEFORE they come for an 2 hr standard GTT | ☆Patient must fast overnight (8-10hours)☆May consume plain still water during time of fasting and testing☆Can't smoke during fasting and testing period (falsely elevates glucose levels)☆ Not allowed to chew gum(stimulates digestion)☆required to be at depo |
| What is the 3day preparation prior to a GTT | Patient must follow and maintain a 150g Carbohydrate diet (with each meal) |
| When performing a Gtt on fasting pt, what is the requirement that has to be met before pt can drink glucose solution | Patient must have a fasting blood glucose level of less than 9mmol/l Must have followed all instructions given |
| How much glucose must you give to an adult pt undergoing a 2hr standard GTT | 75g monohydrous/anhydrous glucose in 300ml water |
| How do you prepare the glucose solution/drink | Mix glucose with water and mix may add lemon drops and ice |
| What is the main adverse reaction and what should you do id it happens | Vomiting Stop test immediately Notify referring doctor Rebook patient (schedule) to come back and redo test |
| What is wrong with pt if they are feeling light headed, sweating,pale, nauseas and had tachycardia during an extended GTT What must you do as phlebotomist | Pt is developing hypoglycemia ☆do a poc glucose test to confirm hypoglycemia ☆if pts glucose is below 3mmol/l stop test☆draw a fluoride tube to confirm hypoglycemia ☆if confirmed draw sst to test insulin levels☆give patient a Carbohydrate snack if the ar |
| HYPOGLYCAEMIA | Blood sugar levels drop below normal |
| HYPERGLYCAEMIA | Blood sugar levels above normal levels |
| EXPLAIN THE CONSEQUENCE IF THE PANCREAS DID NOT PRODUCE SUFFICIENT INSULIN, OR IF THE INSULIN PRODUCED DIDN’T WORK | Glucose would not be able to enter the cells. This would result in increased blood levels of glucose. |
| DESCRIBE THE MAIN FUNCTION OF INSULIN, AND WHY THIS FUNCTION IS IMPORTANT. | Insulin is necessary for glucose to enter the cells. The glucose is needed by the cells for energy. |
| TYPE 1 dibetes is also known as | INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS Juvenile diabetes. IDDM |
| TYPE 1 dibetes cause | Beta cells unable to produce insulin because body immune system has destroyed them |
| TYPE 1 dibetes treatment | Insulin injections- ( usually for life) Diet plan |
| TYPE 2 dibetes treatment | Medication that stimulates insulin production. Diet plan |
| TYPE 2 dibetes cause | Pancreas secretes insufficient amounts of insulin to meet the needs of carbohydrate intake |
| Type 2 diabetes also known as | NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS. Life style diabetes Adult onset NIDDM |
| Gestational Diabetes | Mothers blood bring extra glucose to fetus Fetus makes more insulin to handle extra glucose Extra glucose gets stored as fat and fetus becomes larger than normal |
| Fetal macrosomia complication | BIRTH INJURY- Shoulder dystocia, brachial plexus injury, fractures, subdural hemorrhage, facial palsy DIFFICULT DELIVERY: pelvic damage if C/section not booked LOW APGAR SCORE: Baby more likely to be resuscitated at birth. ASPHYXIA: This complication |
| What is insulin resistance | For some people, the cells do not respond well to insulin. This is called insulin resistance. If glucose cannot enter the cells, it builds up in the blood . The body responds by producing more insulin. ( eventually getting some glucose into the cells) A |
| Symptoms of insulin resistance | Waistline over 100cm in men & 88cm in women Blood pressure readings of 130/80 or higher. High cholesterol. Skin tags. Patches of dark, skin called acanthosis nigricans |
| Oral glucose Tolerance Test rationale | A GTT is performed to check for carbohydrate metabolism. It determines how quickly glucose is cleared from the blood. The test is usually used to test for diabetes, insulin resistance and sometimes hypoglycaemia. The GTT evaluates insulin response to |
| 2 types of glucose jn gtt | ANHYDROUS GLUCOSE- (no water molecules) MONOHYDROUS GLUCOSE (one molecule of crystalised water) |
| IF NOT ABLE TO TAKE A BLOOD SPECIMEN ON TIME | Document the actual time you took the specimen Make sure the next specimen is taken on time according to when the patient completed drinking the glucose. Do not lengthen the gtt. |
Created by:
Elné