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rad review #3
Patient care 1.3/ Spine Q144
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| During measurement of blood pressure, what occurs as the radiographer controls arterial tension with the sphygmomanometer? | The cuff is laces around the mid portion of the upper arm. The cuff is inflated to a value higher than the patients systolic pressure to temporarily collapse the brachial artery. As inflation is slowly released, the first sound heard is systolic pressure |
| The normal systolic range is __________mm Hg | 90 - 120 mm Hg |
| The normal diastloic range is _________ mm Hg | 60 - 80 mm Hg |
| A diabetic patient who has prepared for a fasting radiographic examination is susceptible to a hypoglycemic reaction. This is characteized by : | Shaking, nervousness, dizziness, cold/clammy skin, blurred vision, and slurred speach |
| what is the term for lack of oxygenated blood, which is a symptom of shock | Cyanosis |
| To demonstrate the first two cervical vertebrae in the AP recumbent projection, the patient is positioned so that what line is vertical? | a line between the maxillary occlusal plane (edge of upper teeth) and mastoid tip is verticle |
| For the posterior oblique positions of the cervicle spine, the anatomy of interest is that ______________ the IR | Furthest from |
| For the anterior oblique positions of the cervicle spine, the anatomy of interest is that ______________ the IR | clostest to |
| In myelography, the contrast is generally injected into the ` | subarachnoid space between the 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae The cistern magna can be used but its risking contrast entering the ventricles and causing side effects |
| The spinal cord ends at the level of | 1st or 2nd lumbar vertebrae |
| The _____ of respiration is a measurement of the amount of air exchanged with each inhalation and exhalation | depth |
| The ______ details when the respiration is out of norm | character |
| Spinous processes are formed by the union of ________ | Laminae |
| ___________ pressure is the contraction phase of the left ventricle | Systolic |
| ____________pressure is the relaxation phase in the heart cycle | Diastolic |
| For the lateral thoracic spine breathing technique , how long of an exposure is needed to adequately blur out overlying ribs and lung markings? | 2 - 3 seconds |
| The posterior oblique positions of the lumbar vertebrae demonstrate the zygo joints _________ the IR | closest to |
| With the patient supine, the left side of the pelvis elevated 25 degrees and the CR entering 1 inch medial to the left ASIS, what is demonstrated? | Left sacroiliac joint |
| the term for testing positive for blood in urine is | Hematuria |
| the medical term for vomiting blood is | Hematemesis |
| the term for excess urea in the blood is | Uremia |
| What drugs may be used as a vasoconstrictor for a patient experiencing an anaphylactic reaction? | Adrenalin Vasopressin Atropine |
| Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) utilizes what view for diagnosis? | AP bilateral frog leg |
| What projection is used to evaluate the bilateral pubis and ischium for malalignment and fractures? | AP axial outlet projection |
| What projection is used to evaluate the pelvic inlet, upper body of ischium, and ischial spine for trauma? | AP axial inlet |
| What projection is used to evaluate the acetabulum? | Posterior oblique pelvis : Judet method |
| A catheter places in a large vein is called a _________ | Central venous line |
| what is an advantage for imaging the lumbar spine using the PA projection? | The intervertebral spaces are positioned more parallel to the divergent rays |
| term for fainting, a drop in blood pressure due to dilation of vessels with a decreased heart rate. | Syncope |
| at what level do the carotid arteries bifurcate? | Laryngopharynx |
| In a posterior oblique pelvis, judet method, when the area of interest is the downside acetabulum, what is demonstrated? | the anterior rim posterior ischial column |
| In a posterior oblique pelvis, judet method, when the area of interest is the upside acetabulum, what is demonstrated? | The posterior rim Anterior iliopubic column |
| What is the destructive pathology that is marked by loss of elasticity in the lung tissue? | Emphysema |
| Where is the CR centered for AP axial L5-S1? and what angulation is reuired for males/females? | CR is centered at ASIS Males : 30 ceph Females: 35 ceph |
| The thoracic zygo joints are demonstrated with the coronal plane ___ degrees to the IR | 20 degrees |
| The expectoration of blood from the larynx, trachea, bronchi, or lungs is termed ___________ | Hemoptysis |
| the symptoms : increased urination, sweet smelling breath, and extreme thirst are belonging to what term? | diabetic coma |
| ___________ is a radiologic examination of the structures within the spinal canal | Myelography |
| In myelography, the contrast injected into the spinal canal is distributed to vertebral region of interest by _________ | gravity |
| In a myelography, the table is angled in what method for visualization of the cervicle region? How must the patient position their neck in this method and why? | Trendelenburg neck must be kept in acute extension to compress the cistern magna and keep contrast medium from traveling into the ventricles of the brain |
| in a myelography, the table is angled in what method for visualization of the Thoracic and Lumbar region? | Fowler position 45-60 degrees |
| ______ are not the vessels that carry deoxygenated blood, they are the vessels that return to the heart | Veins |
| The pulmonary veins deliver oxygenated blood to the ______ atrium, which empties to the ____ ventricle | Left Left |
| _______ carry blood away from the heart | Arteries |
| Pulmonary ARTERIES carry what blood? | Deoxygenated |
| the lungs are enclosed in a double serous membrane called the _____ | Pleura |
| The main stem bronchus enters the | Lung hilum |
| to rule out epligottis, the central ray is directed to the level of | C6/7 |
| typical blood range for adolescents? | 100-120/65-75 |
| Typical blood range for children 3months- 1 year? | 90-100/60-67 |
| What condition is characterized by a decreased number of circulating red blood cells and decreased hemoglobin? | Anemia |
| What term is used to describe blood in the urine and is unrelated to anemia? | Hematuria |
| What structure does the scottie dog’s neck represent? | pars interarticularis |
| what projections can be used to supplement the “open mouth” projection when the upper portion of the odontoid process cannot be well demonstrated? | -AP through the foramen magnum (Fuchs ) -PA through the froamen magnum (Judd) |
| what is the term for a transmission of infectious pathogens by physician | Latrogenic |
| what curves are primary and scondary and when do they develop? | Lordotic/secondary: lumbar/ cervical; develop sometimeafter birth Kyphotic/primary: Thoracic/sacral; present at birth |
| The articular facets of L5-S1 are best demonstarted in what projection? | 30 degree LPO or RPO |
| What vertebrae corresponds with the level of the illiac crest? | L4 |
| Low temperatures result in what heart rate? higher or lower? | lower |
| To visualize or “open” the right sacroiliac joint, the patient is positioned: | 25 to 30 degrees LPO |
| the condition that results from a persistent fetal foramen ovale? | An atrial septal defect |
| name of the condition that results in the forward slipping of one vertebrae on the one below it? | Spondylolisthesis |
| the frequency of cardiac ventricular contractions is reported in which value? | BPM |
| term used to describe an individual with a core temperature higher than 100 (fever)` | Pyrexic |
| When the anterior oblique position is used for the CERVICAL intervertebral foramina demonstarted are those _____ the IR | closer to |
| When the posterior oblique position is used for the CERVICAL intervertebral foramina demonstarted are those _____ the IR | Farther from |
| difference between INTERvertebral foramina and vertebral foramina | The spinal cord passes through the vertebral foramina |
| The cervical zygo joints are _____ to the MSP | 90 lateral projection shows them |
| T/F: The AP axial projection of the cervical spine shows C3-7 cervical bodies and the intervertebral disk spaces | True |
| Graves disease is associated with | Thyroid overactivity |
| the left sacroilliac joint is positioned perpendicular to the IR when the patient is positioned in a | 25 to 30 LAO position |
| Sternal compressions during CPR are made with the heels of the hands located about | 1.5 inches superior to the xiphoid tip |
| Anginal pain, caused by constriction of blood vessels, may be relieved with the administration of a ________ | Vasodilator |
| The cross tble view of the hip an proximal femur is known as the ________ | Denelius miller method |
| what procedure is effective to restore breathing when there is respiratory pathway obstruction above the larynx | Tracheotomy |
| For best visualization of the lateral sacrum/coccyx, the CR is directed _____ inches posterior and at the level of the ________ | -3-4 inches -level of the ASIS |
| what term is used for dizziness | Vertigo |
| Common blood vessels utilized for pulse detection are | -radial -dorsalis pedis -temporal |
| For newborns(0-3 months) what is the normal pulse rate? | 100-150 BPM` |
| What positions will demostrate the lumbosacral zygo articulations? | 30 deg RPO Because Lumbar can range from 30-50 and usually L1-L4 are 45 degrees while L5-S1 is 30 degrees |
| Shock is indicated by ____ blood pressure | -extremely low SYSTOLIC (lower than 60mmHg) normall systolic is 90-120 and low is under 90 |
| High blood pressure is indicated by systolic blood pressure higher than _____ mmHG and diastolic pressure higher than _____ mmHg | -140mmhg -90mmHG |
| What CR angle will best demonstrate the lumbosacral junction in the AP recumbet position? | CR cephalad 30-35 deg |
| T/F: In a lateral t spine, using waist suport reduces vertebral tilt and brings the lower and upper t spine to the same distance from table | True |
| The medical term for nosebleed is | Epistaxis |
| What re the differences between Eupnea, Apnea, and Dyspnea? | Eupnea: normal breathing pattern (12-20 for adult, 20-30 for children, and 30-60 for infants) Apnea: cessation of breathing Dyspnea: labored or difficult breathing |
| Condition in which an occluded blood vessel stops blood flow to a porion of the lungs? | Pulmonary embolism |
| Term for abnormal development of tissue | Dysplasia |
| Term for difficulty speaking | Dysphasia |
| Difficult or painful breathing | Dyspnea |
| Difference between dysplaisa Dysphasia Dyspnea | displaysia: abnormal development of tissue dysphasia: difficulty speaking Dyspnea : difficult or painful breathing |
| term for being unable to breathe while lying down(recumbent) | ORTHOPNEA |
| Term for cessation of breathing for short intervals | Apnea |
| Term for infrequent breathing— as slow as 6 to 10 respirations per minute | Oligopnea |
| A patient who is going into ______ may exhibit pallor and weakness, a drop in blood pressure, and an increased pulse | Shock |
| The expansion and recoil of an artery describes a vital sign measurement called | the pulse |
| symptoms of inadequate oxygen supply include: 1.dysonea 2.cyanosis 3.retraction of intercostal spaces | all of them |
| Radiography of pedatric patients with a myelomeningocele defect should be performed in the _____ position | Prone To reduce unnecessary pressure on the protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord |
Created by:
daniel.velazco004