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TFN Reviewer
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Theory, Research and Practice | are bound together in a continuous interactive relationship |
| Theory | - defining ideas or concepts - explaining relationship among the concepts - predicting outcomes |
| Nursing Theory | - describes, explains, predicts, and/or prescribes nursing care - help to generate further knowledge - indicate in which direction nursing should develop in the future |
| Components of a Theory | Phenomenon, Concepts, Definitions and Assumptions |
| Phenomenon | an observable fact or event |
| Concepts | abstract description of phenomena, building blocks of theories |
| Definitions | meaning of the concepts |
| 2 types of definitions | - theoretical/conceptual -operational |
| Theoretical/Conceptual | meaning from dictionary (Ex: Age of the patient) |
| Operational | measurable (Ex: how many years you are living?) |
| Assumptions | statements that describe concept |
| Metaparadigm Concept | person, environment, health, nursing |
| Person | an individual with physical and emotional requirements for development of self and maintenance of their well-being |
| Environment | client's surrounding which may affect their ability to perform their self-care activities |
| Health | structural and functional soundness and wholeness of the individual (orem, 1991) |
| Nursing | the acts of a specially trained and able individual to help a person or multiple people deal with their actual or potential self-care deficits |
| Nursing Paradigm | person, health, environment, nursing |
| Person | recipient of nursing care |
| Environment | the degree of wellness or well-being that the client experiences |
| Health | or situation, positive or negative internal and external surrounding that affects the patient |
| Nursing | nurse's attributes, characteristics, and actions provide care on behalf of or in conjunction with the client |
| Florence Nightingale | 12 Environmental Theories/ Nightingale's Canon or Environmental Theory |
| Saint Thomas Hospital in London | first nursing school that created by Florence Nightingale |
| Classification of Theory (By Abstraction) | Grand, Middle-ranged, and Practice |
| Grand | broad in scope, complex ex: Leininger's Cultural Care Theory ex: Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory |
| Leininger's Culture Care Theory | purpose of this theory is to generate knowledge related to caring for persons considering their cultural heritage and values |
| Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory | suggests patients are better able to recover when they maintain some independence over their own self-care |
| Middle-ranged | limited in scope and less abstraction ex: Pender's Health Promotion Model |
| Pender's Health Promotion Model | is to "assists nurses un understanding the major determinants of health behaviors as a basis for behavioral counseling to promote healthy lifestyles" |
| Practice | narrow in scope and focus ex: Nelson Breastfeeding Theory |
| Nelson's Breastfeeding Theory | which recommends that when educating a new mother about breast-feeding, the nurse should be respectful of the mother's right to decide, and carefully consider how promote breastfeeding without causing conflict. |
| Classification of Theory (By Goal Orientation) | Descriptive, and Prescriptive |
| Descriptive | describe phenomena, speculate on why phenomena occur and describe the consequences of phenomena (Enlightenment and understanding) |
| Prescriptive | address nursing interventions for a phenomenon and predict their consequence of a specific nursing intervention (Control and Manipulation) |
| Fundamentals Patterns of Knowing | Empirical, Ethics, Aesthetic, and Personal Knowledge |
| Empirical | - based on the assumption that what is known is accessible through the physical senses: Seeing, touching, hearing. - identify the elements lacking in this situation to increase ability to provide care |
| Ethics | -code of ethics in nursing -matters of obligation, what ought to be done -it requires consideration of all patterns of knowing -is it right or wrong for a nurse to be deceiving to patient regarding their condition if the family requests it? |
| Aesthetic | - the art of nursing - how you perform -encompasses knowledge of the experience of nursing -ability to skillfully perform nursing activities - it is constantly changing as we build on knowledge with experience or practice |
| Personal | - knowing what you do and doing what you know -self-knowing that is conscious to know fully who you are and understand your actions and relationships being made on the job through care |
| 2 Types of personal | - Experiential knowing - Interpersonal knowing |
| Experiential knowing | understanding, based on experience |
| Interpersonal knowing | awareness, based on word say to you |
| Nursing Philosophy | it is the most abstract type and sets forth the meaning of nursing phenomena through analysis, reasoning. and logical presentation. |
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