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Speech Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| _____ is a speaker's ability to translate the ideas and images in his or her mind into verbal or nonverbal messages that an audience can understand is termed | encoding |
| The idea that symbols take on meaning as they are used in a society overtime is called__________ | social construction theory |
| _______ seeks to identify the hidden but symbolic structures and practices that create or uphold disadvantage, inequity, or oppression of some groups in favor of others? | critical approach |
| _______ is the audience's perception that the speaker is knowledgeable, competent dynamic, and trustworthy? | credibility |
| ________ goal is one that gives listeners choices | socially responsible |
| Identify the three ways we study communication and describe the key features of each? | 1. social scientific, which believes there is a single truth everyone follows 2. Interpretivist, which investigates multiple truths people see 3. Critical approach, seeks to identify the power imbalance some groups have with symbolic structures |
| Identify the 5 criteria for ethical speaking? | 1. Have a clear, responsible goal 2. Use sound evidence and reasoning 3. Be sensitive to audience 4. Be honest 5. Do not plagiarize |
| Define Communication according to Duck and McMahan | The transactive action using SYMBOLS, INFLUENCED, GUIDED, and UNDERSTOOD in the context of relationships. |
| List the 7 components of the communication model | 1. Source 2. Message 3. channel 4. noise 5. context 6. feedback 7. reciever |
| What is the defining feature of the transactive communication model? | shared meaning |
| What style of communication apprehension is when you have a very high heart rate as you begin presenting a speech, and then your heart rate tapers off to more average levels? a. average b. insensitive c. inflexible d. confrontational | d. confrontational |
| public-speaking apprehension can involve both a ____, a characteristic that you may have, and a ______, anxiety triggered by the specific incidence of giving a speech to an audience. state;trait tendency;behavior trait;state behavior;tendency | trait; state |
| You have previous experience in public speaking, tend to be less sensitive to apprehension, and have a lower heart rate when speaking. What is your style of communication apprehension? a. average b. insensitive c. inflexible d. confrontation | insensitive |
| style of communication apprehension, your heart rate is highest when speaking publicly, people use this high level to enhance their performance and use the fear to motivate them to prepare. a. average b. insensitive c. inflexible d. confrontation | inflexible |
| _______ and ________ are the two ways we use listening for religion and spirituality | intrapersonal and interpersonal |
| To recognize, understand, and address interconnection of communication and relationships is called | relational listening |
| A _________ is the mistaken use of a word that sounds much like the intended word | malpropism |
| A ________ is a frame of social interaction that is regarded as under public scrutiny, so people must be on their best behavior? | front region |
| __________ refers to how language can give people an identity and force them to live up to that description, positive or negative | altercasting |
| Insincere attempts to be friendly and cordial are called __________ | disengaged listening |
| Focusing on details so much that the main point is missed | factual diversion |
| Bipolar dimensions used to measure and evaluate things are called ______ | personal constructs |
| List and explain the 5 steps in the listening process according to Duck and McMahan | Receiving - receive a message Attending to - focusing on the message Interpret - assign meaning to a message Respond - react to a message Reflect - how the message affected you |
| What are the 4 elements of critical listening? | Evaluation of Plausibility, Evaluation of Source, Evaluation of Evidence, Evaluation of Consistency |
| List the 4 criteria of Central ideas | 1. Single idea 2. Audience centered 3. direct, specific language 4. complete declarative sentence |
| List the nine types of ceremonial speeches | 1. Introduction 2. Acceptance 3. Award 4. Nomination 5. Toast 6. Ceremonial 7. Commencement/Tribute 8. Keynote 9. Eulogy |
| List the 9 steps to being an Audience centered speaker | 1. consider audience 2. select and narrow topic 3. determine purpose 4. develop CI/Thesis 5. generate main ideas 6. research and find evidence 7. organize main ideas 8. rehearse speech 9. deliver speech |
| List and explain the 3 types of self in Duck and Mcmahan | 1. Symbolic self - how you want others to view you 2. Performance self - self that you do very well 3. Attitude of Reflection - you do something because of what others expect of you |
| The ceremonial speech given at or near the beginning of a meeting or a conference and that sets the theme and tone is a ______________. keynote address tribute speech of introduction report | keynote address |
| The mistaken use of a word that sounds much like the intended word, such as "infatuation" for "inflation" is known as a(n) __________________. verbal irony spoonerism malapropism understatement | malapropism |
| A speaker's _______________ will most help you identify the emotions being communicated. facial expressions posture volume gestures | facial expression |
| As audience members, if we prefer to listen to complex information that is interspersed with facts and details, we are relational-oriented listeners action-oriented listeners analytical listeners task-oriented listeners | analytical listeners |
| The idea of the performative self indicates that ____________. we create narratives of self according to social norms we guided by social ideals in our identity we use objects to represent our identity we different identities in different settings | we enact different identities in different situations |
| Placing a key word or phrase at the end of a sentence rather than the beginning is known as _______________? | suspension |
| _________ are learned predisposition to evaluate something positive or negative | attitude |
| A _________________ audience does not have externally imposed reasons for being there? | voluntary |
| _________ is the process of ethically using information you've gathered to modify your message in a way that helps your audience clearly understand and achieve your speaking goal. | audience adaptation |
| When a sentence has two clauses that use the same grammatical pattern is called _____________________? | parallelism |
| The formal grammatical use of language that is often official is called _______ | high code |
| _________ words appeal to one of our 5-senses? | specific |
| ________________ is when people change the words they use as well as nonverbal communication to indicate a relational connection with the person with whom they are speaking? | accommodation |
| Organize the 4-cultural dyads discussed in chapter 6 and explain the order you arranged them | Individualist-collectivist Low context - high context need for certainty - tolerance for uncertainty low power - high power |
| List and explain the 5-elements of Burke's pentad? | 1. Act - what act is 2. Scene - What is the setting 3. Agent - who committed the act 4. Agency - how act was committed 5. Purpose - why was the act committed |
| What three questions can be asked to generate main ideas for a speech? | 1. Can central idea be split into logical divisions? 2. Can central idea be supported with a series of steps? 3. Are there multiple reasons why central idea is true? |
| List the 4-principles of speech organization and development | 1. Points 2. Unity 3. Balance 4. Guidance |
| List 4 criteria for central idea | 1. Single idea 2. direct, specific language 3. audience centered 4. complete declarative sentence |
| List and explain the 3-functions of talk in relationships according to Duck and McMahan | Instrumental, indexical, essential |
| After assigned speech, Angel worries about what to choose as topic. He writes down the word "dance." he creates a concept map of related ideas. Angel is using ___ topic narrowing clustering reading for topic ideas brainstorming | clustering |
| What linguistic theory asserts that the more concrete your words, the clearer your communication? specific semantics nativist theory general semantics abstract linguistics | general semantics |
| An ____________________ is a statement that explains how something works or what it does? | operational definition |
| Arranging ideas, usually natural divisions according to their location or direction is called _______________? | spatial |
| A newspaper that prints the result of research study performed by the Mayo Clinic is considered a ________________ source. | secondary |
| The 4 common learning styles are ___________________, __________________, ________________, & _____________________? | verbal, auditory, read/write, kinesthetics |
| A _______________ provides the details that allow audience members to develop mental images of what a speaker is talking about? | description |
| ____________________ organization focuses on a situation and its causes or a situation and its effects. | cause and effect |
| _______________ is the art and science of teaching children. | pedagogy |
| The 3 measurements of a statistic are called _____________, __________________, ________________. | mean, median, mode |
| Occurs within the body of a speech; it restates the ideas that have been developed up to that point ____________ | internal summary |
| List 7 types of organizational patterns discussed in Duck and McMahan | Topical, spatial, chronological, elimination, cause and effect, problem and solution, question and answer |
| What 3 major goals of Informative speeches according to Beebe? | 1. enhance knowledge and understanding 2. maintain interest 3. be memorable |
| What are the 5 ways to integrate supporting materials into your main ideas? | 1. principle of primary 2. principle of recency 3. principle of complexity 4. principle of specificity 5. soft evidence to hard evidence |
| List the 6 types of supporting material and evidence? | 1. illustrations 2. definitions 3. descriptions 4. analogies 5. statistics 6. opinions |
| Define Andragogy and list the 4 principles of adult learning? | Andragogy is the art and science of teaching adults. 1. use information immediately 2. keep them actively involved in learning process 3. connect to life experiences 4. clarify how it is relevant to their needs |
| What are the 5 types of informative speeches according to Beebe? | 1. object 2. people 3. event 4. procedure 5. idea |
| Expressing your ideas so that the intended message is accurately understood by the audience is known as _____ simplification audience analysis clarity precision | clarity |
| It is necessary to determine what individual or organization is responsible for a Web site in order to determine its accuracy accountability objectivity diversity | accountability |
| For your speech on suicide, you first provide general definition of term. You then plan to bring up incidents in which suicides have prevented suffering. What strategy? complexity suffering primacy soft to hard evidence | specificity |
| When a speaker delivers a speech from a written or memorized speech outline without having memorized the exact wording of the speech, he/she is practicing _____________ speaking | extemporaneous |
| The space legitimately claimed or occupied by a person for the time being is called ______________ | personal space |
| _________________ suggests that audiences have expectations as to how a speaker should communicate | nonverbal expectancy theory |
| Elements of interaction that do not change are called ______________ | static |
| NV face and body movement used to indicate to others what you want them to do ________________ | regulators |
| _____________ behaviors are those that literally or psychologically make your audience feel closer to you | immediacy |
| Talia finishes a story in her speech conclusion that she started in the introduction. Talia is providing closure by ______________ | referencing the introduction |
| ________________ suggest that audiences establish emotional connections with the speaker | emotional contagion theory |
| A message to your audience of what you would like them to do with the information you have just given them is designed to ___________ the audience | motivate |
| ___________ symbolic activity that communicates a message other than just words | nonverbal communication |
| Nonverbal face and body movements representing feelings or ideas not being expressed verbally _____________ | emblems |
| Identify and describe the 4 methods of speech delivery | 1. Memorized speaking - speaking from memorization 2. Manuscript speaking - speaking from a manuscript 3. Impromptu speaking - speaking without notice ahead of time 4. Extemporaneous speaking - speaking from both a written and memorized outline |
| List 8 types of nonverbal communication according to Duck and McMahan | 1. chronemics 2. haptics 3. personal space/distance 4. proxemics 5. eye contact/gaze 6. vocalics 7. kinesthetics 8. environment |
| List 6 steps of introduction | 1. Attention getter 2. state CI/thesis 3. establish credibility 4. orientation phase 5. stress the importance 6. enumerated preview |
| List 6 steps of conclusion | 1. Wrap up statement 2. restate thesis 3. summarize main points 4. motivate audience 5. reestablish relational connection 6. clincher statement |
| What are the 6 functions of gestures according to Beebe? | 1. substituting 2. contradicting 3. complementing 4. regulating 5. repeating 6. emphasizing |
| Which of the following is a method for summarizing a speech in the conclusion? a. reemphasizing central idea in memorable way b. using verbal cues to signal the end of the speech c. using nonverbal cues to signal end d. motivate audience to respond | reemphasizing central idea in a memorable way |
| A __________ is any image, object, or sound that reinforces your point visually or aurally so that your audience can better understand it. | presentation aid |
| Students who sit in front row get good grades. Michael sits in the front row. Michaels gets good grades. This is called_________ | syllogism |
| A proposition of ___________ suggests that a course of action, procedure, or behavior change should be taken. | policy |
| ________________ is the sense of mental discomfort that a person experiences when new information conflicts with that person's attitudes, beliefs, values, or behavior | cognitive dissonance |
| The theory suggests that emotional responses can be classified along the dimensions of pleasure, arousal, and dominance is the ____________ theory | emotional response |
| According to Abraham Maslow, the need to achieve one's highest potential is referred to as ______________ | self-actualization |
| Reasoning that arrives at a specific conclusion from general statements is known as ___________ reasoning | deductive |
| _____________ suggests that when listeners are confronted with a persuasive message, their responses fall into one of the thee categories; acceptance, rejection, or noncommitmenet | social judgement theory |
| To use ________________ as a strategy for persuasion, you first identify objections to your positive that you listeners might raise and then overcome them with arguments | refutation |
| Diagram and explain Maslow's hierarchy | physiological -> safety -> belonging of self -> self esteem -> self actualization |
| Define a syllogism | syllogism is the developing of an argument with a major premise, minor premise, and conclusion |
| Define attitudes, beliefs, and values | attitude - learned predisposition to respond favorable or unfavorably belief - something you understand to be true or false value - enduring concept of right or wrong |
| List and describe 3 types of fallacies | Bandwagon fallacy - everyone thinks it so you should too Non sequitur - response does not logically follow the previous statement Ad hominem - attacking the person not their argument |
| What are the 4 types of persuasive claims in Duck and McMahan? | 1. claim of policy 2. claim of fact 3. claim of value 4. claim of conjecture |
| The informal, ungrammatical way of speaking that holds meaning all the same is called _______ | parole |
| _______ has two parts parallels structure but contrasting meanings | antithesis |
| _______________ relies heavily on the context in which it takes place, words are used sparingly, a great deal left unsaid | high context |
| ____________ is an enduring concept of good and bad, right or wrong | values |
| A ___________ audience has externally imposed reason for being there | captive |
| The assumption that one's own cultural approaches are superior to those of other cultures is called ______________ | ethnocentritism |
| To be successful, a topic must fit the time constraints, the occasion, consider you as a speaker, the audience and the ______________ | purpose |
| ______________ is the portion of a person's cultural background that includes such factors as nationality, religion, and language | ethnicity |
| ________________ is a creative problem solving technique used to generate many ideas for a topic | brainstorming |
| The formal grammatical structure of language is called ________ | langue |
| ___________ is the process of examining information about those who are expected to listen to a speech | audience analysis |
| Explain the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis as it applies to God terms & Devil terms and provide an example of each? | Sapir Whorf Hypothesis is the idea that verbal communication affects perception and language. God terms are viewed positively in society (patriot or poet) and devil terms are viewed negatively in society (rapper, terrorist) |
| What are the 4 types of stylistic devices used to create cadence? | Antithesis, parallelism, repetition, alliteration |
| What are the 4 ways we can create drama when speaking? | Suspension, inversion, omission, short sentences |
| Explain accommodation and identify two ways it is used | Accommodation is the changing of words or nonverbal expressions to indicate relationship. 1. convergence - moving towards other's speaking to indicate their is a relationship 1. divergence - moving away from other's speaking to indicate no relationship |
| When analyzing audience's attitudes toward a topic, it is helpful to categorize the group along various dimensions. What are these dimensions? | interested - uninterested favorable - unfavorable voluntary - captive |
| Cultural styles of talk include categories of ___________ fem and masc convergent and divergent high code and low code langue and parole | convergent and divergent |
| What does the 2nd model of communication add that the 1st model lacks? | it adds feedback |
| List and explain 3 characteristics of symbols | abstract - an idea arbitrary - random ambiguous - multiple meanings |
| What is the relationship between free speech, ethics, and speaker credibility? | The relationship is that just because you have the right to say something, it doesn't mean it is the right thing to say. |
Created by:
ndahouk