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Thermodynamics

QuestionAnswer
What do all things in the physical universe want? To be in their lowest possible energy state and to be as disordered as possible
What is a spontaneous (thermodynamically favorable) reaction? Physical or chemical change that occurs without any outside intervention
What is a non-spontaneous (thermodynamically unfavorable) reaction? A reaction that can only occur if work is done or of heat is put in
Why are exothermic (energetically favorable) reactions more likely to be spontaneous? Heat is exiting the system (giving off energy) in exothermic reactions and the system is able to go to a lower energy level which all things want to do
Why do some spontaneous reactions take so long to occur? Because they have a high activation energy slowing the process down
Entropy definition A measure of disorder or randomness of the particles that make up a system OR the dispersal of matter and energy
Second law of thermodynamics All things tend to disorder
How can you tell if entropy is increasing or decreasing? A process that gives the particles more freedom to move is likely to have an increased entropy
What is the symbol for entropy? ΔS
What is enthalpy? Heat and energy of the system
What makes it easier for reactants to get over a large activation energy? A catalyst
What is the symbol for enthalpy? ΔH
How to calculate whether or not a process is spontaneous Gibbs free energy
What is Gibb's free energy? Energy that is available to do work
Is temperature positive or negative for a spontaneous reaction? Negative--> more free energy is available to do work
Is temperature positive or negative for a non-spontaneous reaction? Positive--> more work needed
+ΔS & -ΔH Always spontaneous
+ΔS & +ΔH Sometimes spontaneous
-ΔS & -ΔH Sometimes spontaneous(depends on the temperature)
-ΔS & +ΔH Never spontaneous
Created by: meansg
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