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gen chem
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| steps in mass spectrometry | vaporisation ionisation acceleration deflection detection |
| allotrope’ | Different structural forms of an element. |
| fullerenes ** | nanomaterials |
| Noble gases are so unreactive | This is a very stable electron configuration (resulting in a low reactivity) / Chemically stable |
| excess | all atoms substituted |
| electronegativity | the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a covalent bond |
| (CH3) | methyl group |
| test for alkene | bromine water will almost instantly decolourise it |
| covalent molecular | low melting & boiling point soft and flexible This type of bonding is the electrostatic attraction between shared electrons and adjacent nuclei The non-metal elements share electrons In order to achieve a stable electron configuration |
| covalent network | - forms networks - high melting & boiling point - only covalent bonds - very hard - insoluble in water |
| ionic substance | - Ionic substances have a rigid lattice structure - If a force is applied, like charges align and repel, causing the substance to shatter i.e. it is brittle |
| emission spectra | Atoms can become excited when electrons absorb energy The electrons then move to higher energy levels Electrons then move back down to ground state This process releases energy / photons The frequency of light released determines the colour observed |
| first ionisation trend | - First ionisation energy increases across a period due to increased number of protons in the nucleus - This makes it more difficult to remove an outer shell electron |
| electronegativity trend | Electronegativity increases across a period due to increased number of protons in the nucleus, doesn't include Group 18 elements Electronegativity decreases down a group due to an increased atomic radius and shielding from inner electron shells |
| process of fractional distillation | As the liquid air is warmed, the different components would begin to boil Each component would have a unique boiling point, this would comprise the different ‘fractions’ Therefore each component, could be separated / isolated from air |
| how mass spectrometry can be used to determine the isotopic composition | Atoms of the element are ionised and accelerated Ions are deflected by a magnetic field based on their mass to charge ratio Different isotopes have different masses and deflecte by different amounts The proportion of each isotope present is detected |
| bromine test | Add bromine / iodine water alkene would undergo an addition reaction Orange / brown would fade to colourless Other 2 compounds would have no reaction, orange / brown colour would remain |
| catalyst for Hydrogenation | metal" nickel, platinum |
| Halogenation catalyst | alkane : UV |
| hydration catalyst | slfuric acid |
| Stoichiometry | mole of known Divide grams by mole (known) Coefficient of unknown divide by coefficient of known Ratio (3) times mole of known (2) = mol of unknown Mass of unknown x mole (4) = mass answer (grams) |
Created by:
procrast
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