United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait arising from oil pricing and production disputes.

Iraq War, also called Second Persian Gulf War, (2003–11), conflict in Iraq that consisted of two phases.

The statement of British support for “the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people."

Cold War in the Middle East

The 21st century Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict.

Establishment of Israel

Israel’s declaration of independence on May 14, 1948, was quickly recognized by the United States, the Soviet Union, and many other governments, fulfilling the Zionist dream of an internationally approved Jewish state.

A international crisis (1979–81) in which militants in Iran seized 66 American citizens at the U.S. embassy in Tehrān and held 52 of them hostage for more than a year.

A authorization granted by the League of Nations to a member nation to govern a former German or Turkish colony.

It was established at a conference held in Baghdad September 10–14, 1960, and was formally constituted in January 1961 by five countries: Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, and Venezuela.

A empire created by Turkish tribes in Anatolia (Asia Minor) that grew to be one of the most powerful states in the world during the 15th and 16th centuries.

A international crisis in the Middle East, precipitated on July 26, 1956, when the Egyptian president, Gamal Abdel Nasser, nationalized the Suez Canal.

A brief war that took place June 5–10, 1967, and was the third of the Arab-Israeli wars.

The agreement led to the division of Turkish-held Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, and Palestine into various French- and British-administered areas.

A unprecedented challenge to its authority when pro-democracy protests erupted throughout the country.

U.N. partition of Palestine

A partition of Palestine into Arab and Jewish states, with the city of Jerusalem as a corpus separatum (Latin: “separate entity”) to be governed by a special international regime.

To describe the American-led global counterterrorism campaign launched in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.

A international conflict that in 1914–18 embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions.

A jewish nationalist movement that has had as its goal the creation and support of a Jewish national state in Palestine, the ancient homeland of the Jews (Hebrew: Eretz Yisraʾel, “the Land of Israel”).

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Middle East Vocab

Term	Definition
1991 Gulf War	United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait arising from oil pricing and production disputes.
2003 Gulf War	Iraq War, also called Second Persian Gulf War, (2003–11), conflict in Iraq that consisted of two phases.
Balfour Declaration	The statement of British support for “the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people."
Cold War in the Middle East	The 21st century Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict.
Establishment of Israel	Israel’s declaration of independence on May 14, 1948, was quickly recognized by the United States, the Soviet Union, and many other governments, fulfilling the Zionist dream of an internationally approved Jewish state.
Iran Hostage Crisis	A international crisis (1979–81) in which militants in Iran seized 66 American citizens at the U.S. embassy in Tehrān and held 52 of them hostage for more than a year.
Middle East Mandates	A authorization granted by the League of Nations to a member nation to govern a former German or Turkish colony.
Formation of OPEC	It was established at a conference held in Baghdad September 10–14, 1960, and was formally constituted in January 1961 by five countries: Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, and Venezuela.
Ottoman Empire	A empire created by Turkish tribes in Anatolia (Asia Minor) that grew to be one of the most powerful states in the world during the 15th and 16th centuries.
Suez Canal Crisis	A international crisis in the Middle East, precipitated on July 26, 1956, when the Egyptian president, Gamal Abdel Nasser, nationalized the Suez Canal.
Six Day War	A brief war that took place June 5–10, 1967, and was the third of the Arab-Israeli wars.
Sykes-Picot Accord	The agreement led to the division of Turkish-held Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, and Palestine into various French- and British-administered areas.
Syrian Civil War	A unprecedented challenge to its authority when pro-democracy protests erupted throughout the country.
U.N. partition of Palestine	A partition of Palestine into Arab and Jewish states, with the city of Jerusalem as a corpus separatum (Latin: “separate entity”) to be governed by a special international regime.
War on Terrorism	To describe the American-led global counterterrorism campaign launched in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.
World War I	A international conflict that in 1914–18 embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions.
Zionism	A jewish nationalist movement that has had as its goal the creation and support of a Jewish national state in Palestine, the ancient homeland of the Jews (Hebrew: Eretz Yisraʾel, “the Land of Israel”).

Created by: Bentley Baird

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