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Sociology Vocab #4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ageism | Belief that one age category is by nature superior to another age category |
| Alternative Medicine | Treating illnesses with unconventional methods such as acupuncture, biofeedback, massage, meditation, yoga, herbal remedies, and relaxation techniques |
| Baby - Boom Generation | Collective term for the approximately 76 million children born in the United States from 1946 through 1964 |
| Bourgeoisie | Owners of the means of production in a capitalist society |
| Cultural Pluralism | Policy that allows each group within society to keep its unique cultural identity |
| De Facto Segregation | Segregation based on informal norms |
| De Jure Segregation | Segregation based on laws |
| Dependency Ratio | The number of workers for each person receiving social security benefits |
| Endogamy | Marriage within one's own social category |
| Exogamy | Marriage outside of one's own social category |
| Generation X | Generation born after that of the baby boomers, roughly from the early 1960s to late 1970s |
| Generation Z | Generation born in the late 1990s or the early 21st century |
| Glass Ceiling | The invisible barrier that prevents women from gaining upper-level positions in buisness |
| Graying of America | The phenomenon of the growing percentage of elderly Americans as part of the total US population |
| Horizontal Mobility | Type of social mobility in which the individual moves from one position in a social class level to another position in that same social class level |
| Institutionalized Discrimination | Discrimination that is an outgrowth of the structure of society |
| Intergenerational Mobility | Form of vertical mobility in which status differs between generations in the same family |
| Legal Discrimination | Discrimination that is upheld by law |
| Life Chances | Likelihood individuals have of sharing in the opportunities and benefits of society |
| Life Expectancy | Average number of years a person born in a particular year can be expected to live |
| Managed Care | The use of health insurance plans to help control health care costs |
| Medicaid | State and federally funded health insurance program for people with little or no money |
| Medicare | Government sponsored insurance plan for elderly or disabled persons |
| Millennial | A person born between the early 1980s and the late 1990s (Generation Y) |
| Objective Method | Technique used to rank individuals according to social class in which sociologists define social class in terms of factors such as income, occupation, and education |
| Patriarchy | System in which men are dominant over women |
| Proletariat | Workers in a capitalist society who sell their labors in exchange for wages |
| Reputational Method | Technique used to rank individuals according to social class, this is done by asking individuals in the community to rank other community members base don what they know of their characters and lifestyles |
| Selffulfilling Prophecy | Prediction that results in behavior that makes the prediction come true |
| Socioeconomic Status | Rating that combines social factors such as level of education, occupational prestige, and place of residence with the economic factor of income in order to determine an individual's relative position in the stratification system |
| Subjective Method | Techniques used to rank individuals according to social class in which the individuals themselves are asked to determine their own social rank |
| Transfer Payments | Principal way in which the government attempts to reduce social inequality by redistributing money among various segments of society |
| Vertical Mobility | Movement between social classes or strata in which the individuals moves from one social class level to another |
| Wage Gap | The level of women's income relative to that of men |
| Wealth | Most obvious dimension of social stratification because it is made up of the value of everything the person owns and money earned through salaries and wages |
| White Ethnics | Collective reference to immigrants from the predominantly Catholic countries of Ireland, Italy, France, Poland, and Greece |
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