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terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| agnostic | a person who holds the view that any ultimate reality (such as God) is unknown and probably unknowable; broadly : one who is not committed to believing in either the existence or the nonexistence of God or a god. |
| theist | a person who believes there is a God who made and governs all creation; but does not believe in the doctrine of the Trinity, nor in a divine revelation. |
| deist | a person who believes there is a God who created all things, but does not believe in His superintendence and government. |
| polytheist | a person who believes in and worships more than one god. |
| atheist | a person who denies or disbelieves the existence of a supreme being or beings, God, god, or gods. |
| aft | the back of a ship. if something is located here, it is at the back of the sailboat. Also known as the stern. |
| bow | the front of the ship. Knowing its location is important for defining two of the other most common sailing terms: port and starboard. |
| port | always the left-hand side of the boat when you are facing the bow. to minimize directional confusion when sailing, this term is used to define the left-hand side of the boat as it relates to the bow. |
| starboard | always the right-hand side of the boat when you are facing the bow. To minimize directional confusion when sailing |
| leeward | also known as lee, this term is the direction opposite to the way the wind is currently blowing. |
| windward | the direction in which the wind is currently blowing. This term is the opposite of leeward. Sailboats tend to move with the wind, making this direction an important sailing term to know. |
| boom | the horizontal pole which extends from the bottom of the mast. Adjusting this object towards the direction of the wind is how the sailboat is able to harness wind power in order to move forward or backwards. |
| rudder | located beneath the boat, this object is a flat piece of wood, fiberglass, or metal that is used to steer the ship. Larger sailboats control this object via a wheel, while smaller sailboats will have a steering mechanism directly aft. |
| tacking | turning the bow of the boat through the wind so that the wind changes from one side of the boat to the other side. The boom of a boat will always shift from one side to the other when performing a this action or a jibe. |
| jibing | turning the stern of the boat through the wind so that the wind changes from one side of the boat to the other side. The boom of a boat will always shift from one side to the other when performing a tack or this action. |
| keel | the bottom-most portion or longitudinal centerline of a hull. |
| cockpit | deck space for the crew of a boat, typically recessed. |
| gaff-rigged | a pole or spar that holds the upper portion of a four-sided sail. |
| galley | the kitchen area on a boat. |
| stern | aft portion of a boat. |
| sloop | a single-masted sailboat in which the mast is set forward of midships. |
| schooner | a large sailboat with two or more masts where the foremast is shorter than aft mainmast. |
| tao (dow) | The interpretation of this principle in the Tao-te-Ching developed into the philosophical religion of Taoism. |
| pagan | a person who is ungodly, not religious, not a member of a world religion |
| indictment | an accusation of wrongdoing |
| exasperated | greatly annoyed; out of patience |
| oppression | the act of subjugating by cruelty |
| mutual | common to or shared by two or more parties |
| anguish | extreme distress of body or mind |
| permeate | spread or defuse through |
| unobtrusive | not undesirably noticeable |
| furtive | secret and sly or sordid |
| reflective | capable of physically throwing back light or sound |
| raucous | unpleasantly loud and harsh |
| lynch | kill without legal sanction |
| sobriety | the state of being sober and not intoxicated by alcohol |
| resignation | the act of giving up, as a claim or possession |
| revelation | the act of making something evident |
| implore | call upon in supplication |
| vigor | forceful exertion |
| exuberant | joyously unrestrained |
| saucy | improperly forward or bold |
| taut | pulled or drawn tight |
| wrought | shaped to t by altering the contours of a pliable mass |
| gait | a horse's manner of moving |
| agitated | physically disturbed or set in motion |
| epitaph | an inscription in memory of a buried person |
| negotiate | discuss the terms of an arrangement |
| reverie | an abstracted state of absorption |
| flippant | showing inappropriate levity |
| grope | feel about uncertainly or blindly |
| bustle | move or cause to move energetically or busily |
| assimilation | the process of absorbing one cultural group into another |
| debris | litter, trash; remnants of something that has been destroyed |
| mottled | spotted; marked by blotches of color |
| recumbent | in the position of lying down |
| heron | a type of long-necked and long-legged bird |
| morose | being gloomy or sullen |
| pantomime | to convey a story through bodily/ facial expressions in a dramatic manner |
| imperious | having the air of being arrogantly assured |
| anguished | expressing or suffering from agony |
| yammer | to make repeated cries, usually of distress |
| burlap | a plain, thick and heavy fabric; in this context, used for bedding |
| vial | a small, circular container used to store liquids |
| pants rabbits and greybacks | lice and cockroaches |
| skeptical | disbelieving |
| liniment | a liquid solution applied to the skin as medical ointment |
| relish | satisfaction |
| grizzled | streaked with gray |
| pugnacious | quarrelsome, belligerent |
| derogatory | demeaning in nature; expressing a poor opinion of something |
| arch (adjective) | forced playfulness; flirtatious |
| apprehensive | nervous or alarmed by the future |
| complacent | satisfied to the point of unconcern |
| barley | a cereal grass |
| nuisance | a bother; an annoyance |
| scuttle | to scurry |
| pulp magazine | cheap magazines featuring fictional stories or comics |
| euchre | a type of card game involving multiple players |
| San Quentin | a jail in California |
| jail bait | an underage woman, usually, or any woman who is likely to drive a man to illegal or dangerous action |
| reverent | expressing awe, admiration |
| bemused | tolerantly amused |
| slug | to punch |
| stable buck | a stable boy; one who works in the stable to tend to the horses, etc. |
| aloof | distant |
| alfalfa | a type of plant |
| contemptuous | expressing disgust and/or lack of respect |
| indignation | anger or the feeling of being upset due to an injustice or some perceived wrongdoing |
| baloney | nonsense |
| appraise | to assess |
| crestfallen | feeling shame or disappointment |
| privy | informed about something secret or not generally known |
| feign | give a false appearance of |
| scorn | lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike |
| supercilious | having or showing arrogant superiority to |
| fractiousness | the trait of being prone to disobedience and lack of discipline |
| compel | force somebody to do something |
| extemporize | perform or speak without preparation |
| subdued | in a softened tone |
| contemptuous | expressing extreme scorn |
| libel | a false and malicious publication |
| immoderate | beyond reasonable limits |
| languid | lacking spirit or liveliness |
| hauteur | overbearing pride with a superior manner toward inferiors |
| strident | unpleasantly loud and harsh |
| deft | skillful in physical movements; especially of the hands |
| ravage | a destructive action |
| garnish | decorate as with parsley or other ornamental foods |
| eddy | a miniature whirlpool or whirlwind |
| vehement | marked by extreme intensity of emotions or convictions |
| staid | characterized by dignity and propriety |
| vacuous | devoid of intelligence |
| jovial | full of or showing high-spirited merriment |
| asunder | into parts or pieces |
| dissension | a conflict of people's opinions or actions or characters |
| tumultuous | characterized by unrest or disorder or insubordination |
| proprietor | someone who owns a business |
| retribution | a justly-deserved penalty |
| valor | courage when facing danger |
| aspire | have an ambitious plan or a lofty goal |
| suppressed | held in check with difficulty |
| defunct | no longer in force or use; inactive |
| distraught | deeply agitated especially from emotion |
| incredulous | not disposed or willing to believe; unbelieving |
| vestige | an indication that something has been present |
| confound | be confusing or perplexing to |
| exultation | a feeling of extreme joy |
| bewilderment | confusion resulting from failure to understand |
| vitality | the property of being able to survive and grow |
| meretricious | tastelessly showy |
| ingratiate | gain favor with somebody by deliberate efforts |
| pervade | spread or diffuse through |
| proximity | the region close around a person or thing |
| chafe | become or make sore as if by rubbing |
| obliterate | remove completely from recognition or memory |
| harrowing | causing extreme distress |
| desolate | crushed by grief |
| genial | diffusing warmth and friendliness |
| stagnant | not circulating or flowing |
| boisterous | full of rough and exuberant animal spirits |
| precipitately | at breakneck speed |
| stifling | characterized by oppressive heat and humidity |
| vicariously | indirectly, as, by, or through a substitute |
| rancor | a feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-will |
| clamorous | conspicuously and offensively loud |
| earnestness | a sincere feeling |
| incessantly | without interruption |
| ravenous | extremely hungry |
| unscrupulous | without principles |
| stratum | people having the same social or economic status |
| tranquil | not agitated |
| profoundly | to a great depth psychologically |
| pasquinade | a composition that humorously imitates somebody's style |
| ghastly | shockingly repellent; inspiring horror |
| reverent | feeling or showing profound respect or veneration |
| elocution | an expert manner of speaking involving control of voice |
| transitory | lasting a very short time |
| commensurate | corresponding in size or degree or extent |
| recede | become faint or more distant |
| ceaseless | uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing |
| Plot Structure | The pattern of events that make up the story including in order: exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution, denouement |
| Direct Characterization | The narrator informs the reader directly of a character's personality traits |
| Indirect Characterization | A character's personality is revealed through appearance, behavior, speech, thoughts & feelings, the opinions of other characters who are not the narrator |
| 1st Person | A character within the story tells the story from his/ her perspective. "I" is used. |
| 3rd Person | The narrator is not a part of the story but instead tells what the characters do using "he," "she," and "they." |
| 3rd Person Limited | The narrator is removed from the story, tells what the characters in the story do, and knows the unspoken thoughts and feelings of ONE character in the story |
| 3rd Person Omniscient | The all-knowing narrator is removed from the story, tells what the characters in the story do, and knows the unspoken thoughts and feelings of ALL of the characters |
| Metaphor | A comparison equating one thing with something else, not using "like" or "as" |
| Simile | A comparison which uses "like" or "as" |
| Dramatic Irony | Occurs when the audience knows something that a character does not know |
| Verbal Irony | Occurs when a speaker says one thing and means something else |
| Situational Irony | Occurs when there is a difference between the expected result and actual results |
| allusion | A reference in literature to previous literature, history, mythology, current events, or the Bible |
| symbol | a word or image that signifies something other than what it literally represents |
| rhyme scheme | the pattern or sequence in which rhyme occurs |
| stanza | a group of lines that form a unit in a poem |
| alliteration | repetition of the initial letter or sound in two or more words in a line of verse |
| simile | a direct comparison between two usually unrelated things using "like" or "as" |
| meter | the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry |
| iamb | one metric foot consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable |
| enjambment | the running over of a sentence idea from one poetic line to another either to conform to rhyme scheme or to alter meaning |
| personification | the giving of human characteristics to inanimate objects, ideas, or animals |
| free verse | poetic lines lacking a regular meter and rhyme |
| blank verse | poetic lines consisting of iambic pentamer without end rhyme |
| assonance | Repetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity |
| refrain | A line or set of lines repeated several times over the course of a poem. |
| apostrophe | A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person, an object, or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. |
| Exposition | A narrative device, often used at the beginning of a work that provides necessary background information about the characters and their circumstances. |
| inciting incident | event that introduces the central conflict |
| rising action | Events leading up to the climax |
| Climax | Most exciting moment of the story; turning point |
| falling action | Events after the climax, leading to the resolution |
| Resolution | End of the story where loose ends are tied up |
| stage directions | an instruction in the text of a play, especially one indicating the movement, position, or tone of an actor, or the sound effects and lighting. |
| Dialogue | Conversation between characters |
| Monologue | a speech by one actor; a long talk by one person |
| Aside | a line spoken by an actor to the audience but not intended for others on the stage |
| round character | A character who demonstrates some complexity and who develops or changes in the course of a work |
| flat character | A character who embodies a single quality and who does not develop in the course of a story |
| static character | A character that does not change from the beginning of the story to the end |
| dynamic character | A character who grows, learns, or changes as a result of the story's action |
| Protagonist | Main character in a story |
| Antagonist | A character or force in conflict with the main character |
| internal conflict | a conflict can be internal, involving opposing forces within a person's mind. |
| external conflict | A struggle between a character and an outside force |
| Imagery | Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste) |
| Theme | Central idea of a work of literature |
| Stanza | A group of lines in a poem |
| foot | A metrical unit composed of stressed and unstressed syllables. |
| end rhyme | A word at the end of one line rhymes with a word at the end of another line |
| internal rhyme | A word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line |
| Consonance | Repetition of a consonant sound within two or more words in close proximity. |
| Hyperbole | extreme exaggeration |
| narrative poem | a poem that tells a story |
| lyric poem | a poem that does not tell a story but expresses the personal feelings or thoughts of a speaker |