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Stats Vocab Ch. 2

Sullivan Statistics - Informed Decisions Using Data

TermDefinition
raw data Data that is not organized.
frequency distribution A table that lists each category of data and the number of occurrences for each category of data.
relative frequency The proportion (or percent) of observations within a category and is found by using the formula: frequency / sum of all frequencies.
relative frequency distribution Lists each category of data together with the relative frequency.
bar graph A bar chart with the category of data on the horizontal axis and the frequency of the category on the vertical axis. Rectangles of equal width are drawn for each category.
pareto chart Bar graph where the bars are drawn in decreasing order of frequency or relative frequency.
pie chart Uses relative frequencies or percents to divide a circle into sectors that represent categories. The area of each sector is proportional to the frequency of the category.
histogram A chart constructed by drawing rectangles for each class of data. The height of each rectangle is the frequency or relative frequency of the class. The width of each rectangle is the same and the rectangles touch each other.
lower and upper class limits The smallest value and largest value within a class.
class width The difference between consecutive lower class limits.
dot plot Drawn by placing each observation horizontally in increasing order and placing a dot above the observation each time it is observed.
uniform distribution The frequency of each value of the variable is evenly spread out across the values of the variable (all the bars are the same or approximately the same height).
bell-shaped distribution The highest frequency occurs in the middle and frequencies tail off to the left and right of the middle. The graph is symmetric.
skewed right The tail to the right of the peak is longer than the tail to the left of the peak.
skewed left The tail to the left of the peak is longer than the tail to the right of the peak.
stem-and-leaf plot Another way to represent quantitative data graphically by splitting each data value into two parts.
stem In a stem-and-leaf plot (or stem plot), the digits to the left of the rightmost digit.
leaf In a stem-and-leaf plot (or stem plot), the rightmost digit.
split stems Used to increase the number of stems in a stem-and-leaf plot.
center A representative or average value that indicates where the middle of the data set is located.
variation A measure of the amount that the values vary among themselves.
distribution The shape of the distribution of data (such as bell-shaped, uniform, or skewed).
classes Categories into which data are grouped.
outliers Unusual data values. They may be distinguished by gaps in a histogram.
Created by: asmith456
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