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Which of the following is not a characteristic of applied anthropology?
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The idea that cultures cannot be objectively understood since all humans see the world through the lens of their own culture is known as…
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Anthropology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of applied anthropology? | only theories |
| The idea that cultures cannot be objectively understood since all humans see the world through the lens of their own culture is known as… | cultural relativism |
| What is the study of the social use of space, including the amount of space individuals try to maintain around themselves in interactions with others? | proxemics |
| Through the process of ------- , we learn to become members of our group both directly, through instruction from our parents and peers, and indirectly by observing and imitating those around us. | enculturation |
| What is the study of how meaning is conveyed at the word and phrase level? | semantics |
| ______ research, where the researcher creates a hypothesis and then designs a study to prove or disprove the hypothesis, is more common in the natural sciences than in anthropology. | deductive |
| a symbol is... | anything that serves to refer to something else. something that has a meaning that cannot be guessed. a feature of human language. |
| In cultural anthropology, fieldwork is referred to as ____ , which is both the process and result of cultural anthropological research. | ethnography |
| Culture is... | difficult to define. a powerful defining characteristic of human groups that shapes our perceptions, behaviors, and relationships. a set of beliefs, practices, and symbols that are learned and shared. |
| Speakers of two _______ of the same language do not necessarily always understand each other. | dialects |
| ______ is a subsistence system that relies on herds of domesticated livestock. | pastoralism |
| What is an approach in anthropology that investigates the historical evolution of economic relationships, as well as the contemporary political processes and social structures that contribute to differences in income and wealth? | political economy |
| ________ is also known as hunting and gathering. | foraging |
| Approximately what percentage of the world’s pastoralists live in Africa? | 51%` |
| Consumption is _______, even when it addresses physical needs. | always social |
| What is negative reciprocity? | c. Exchange in which both parties try to take advantage of the other |
| Today, anthropologists recognize that _____, far from being primitive, is one of the most effective and dynamic subsistence systems humans have ever developed, though Marshal Sahlins’ conception of the original “affluent society” is overly romantic. | foraging |
| Humans use material possessions to… | meet needs regulate social lives affirm rightful order of things |
| Small-scale, semi-subsistence farmers make up what size group of people on the planet today? | d. The largest single group of people on the planet today |
| The domestic mode of production organizes labor and daily activities within families according to _____ and ______ | age and gender |
| Tribes are ___ societies. | egalitarian |
| The terms “matriarchy” and “patriarchy” refer to… | b. the power structure in a society |
| In most cultures around the world, marriage is… | not the romantic view of marriage found in Hollywood movies and romance novels b. largely a device that links two families together c. a logical vehicle for creating alliances between groups |
| A pattern of residence in which married individuals lives with or near the husband’s father family is known as… | patrilocal residence |
| Societies that have not developed a state have lasted about ______________ than societies that became states. | 100,000-150,000 years longer |
| Cultural rules or expectations emphasizing the need to marry outside a particular group are known as… | exogamy |
| Polygyny refers to… | a. marriages in which there is one husband and multiple wives. |
| Polyandry refers to… | b. marriages in which there is one wife and multiple husbands. |
| _____ can be useful when completing anthropological field research and are particularly helpful when documenting changes in families over time. | kinship charts |
| Chiefdoms are _____ societies. | ranked |
| What is magic, from an anthropological perspective? | c. Practices intended to bring supernatural forces under one’s personal control |
| Studying supernatural beliefs is challenging because… | he topic itself is difficult to define. b. religion is not a universally recognized idea. c. many cultures have no word for “religion” at all. |
| What is the series of steps a food takes from the location where it is produced to the store where it is sold to consumers known as? | d. The commodity chain |
| Globalization is… | c. the total scope of global cultural contact, along with the speed and scale of such contact. |
| The McDonald’s restaurant’s “McAloo Tikki” breadcrumb-coated potato and pea patty sandwich in India is an example of ___ or the adaptation of global ideas into locally palatable forms. | glocalization |
| The 5 “Scapes” of Globalization are… | c. Ethnoscapes, Technoscapes, Ideoscapes, Financescapes, Mediascapes |
| To study supernatural beliefs, anthropologists must cultivate a perspective of ____ and strive to understand beliefs from ___ or insider’s perspective. | b. cultural relativism; an emic |
| The “mediascape” of globalization refers to… | c. the flow of media across borders |
| What are sacred objects or ideas? | c. Set apart from the ordinary and treated with great respect |
| The definition of religion as “the belief in supernatural beings” is… | c. excluding much of what people around the world actually believe. |
| Under anthropology’s holistic approach, performance also connects to… | ritual, religion, gender |
| What is cultural ecology? | c. A subfield of cultural anthropology that explores the relationship between human cultural beliefs and practice and the ecosystems in which those beliefs and practices occur. |
| What is a personal front or the personal front? | b. Aspects of one’s clothing, physical characteristics, comportment, and facial expressions that communicate an impression to others. |
| What is another name for development that can meet present needs without damaging the environment or limiting the potential for future generations? | sustainable devvelopment |
| name for an activity that people engage in through their everyday words and actions, which reflect their enculturation and therefore can be studied as performances, regardless of whether the subjects are aware of their cultural significance? | b. Performing culture |
| What is the Anthropocene? | b. A term proposed to describe the current moment (or epoch) in geological time in which the effects of human activities have altered the fundamental geochemical cycles of the earth. |
| In anthropological terms, a performance can be… | artful, reflexive, traditional |
| When local residents benefit from protected area jobs as ___, they recognize the positive economic benefits of protected area conservation and support the initiatives. | park guards, tour guides, research assistants |
| There are two types of performances associated with our interactions with others ____ (such as concerts) and ____ (such as dating). | cultural performances, performances of culture |
| What is a term that describes the migration of generally affluent people from urban areas to rural areas for the amenities of nature, recreation, and scenic beauty associated with rural areas? | Exurban |
| What is a placebo effect? | A response to treatment that occurs because the person receiving the treatment believes it will work, not because the treatment itself is effective. |
| What is a definition for media, according to media anthropologists? | a. It is a word that is used to describe a set of technologies that connect multiple people at one time to shared content. |
| What is a definition for mass communication? | b. One-to-many communication that privileges the sender and/or owner of the technology that transmits the media. |
| Studies by media anthropologists have demonstrated that…. | media practices are not universal. b. there is no universal way of consuming media. c. media consumption is bound to culture |
| What are media practices? | b. The habits or behaviors of the people who produce media, the audiences who interact with media, and everyone in between. |
| What is an example of how interactions between biology and culture have affected human biology? | he obesity epidemic that has emerged all over the world. b. Sickle cell anemia. c. Cholera |
| What are the four ethno-etiologies? | c. personalistic, naturalistic, emotionalistic, and biomedical |
| What is medical anthropology? | A distinct sub-specialty within the discipline of anthropology. b. investigates human health and health care systems in comparative perspectives. c. considers a wide range of bio-cultural dynamics that affect the well-being of human populations. |
| What is a culture-bound syndrome? | a. An illness recognized only within a specific culture swallowing frogs in brazil or engolir sapos nervos (or nerves in brazil) |
| Today, __ in ___ people in the world do not have access to adequate nutrition, the most basic element of good health. | 1 in 8 |
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