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U12 Nuclear Terms
Unit 12 Nuclear chemistry terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| nuclear fusion | combining nuclei to form a larger nucleus, absorbing or releasing energy |
| cloud chamber | a device that contains air or gas supersaturated with water vapor and that is used to detect charged particles, x-rays, and gamma rays by the condensation trails that they produce |
| radioactive isotope | an isotope of an element that has an unstable nucleus and undergoes nuclear decay to become stable |
| Geiger counter | a device for measuring radioactivity by detecting and counting ionizing particles |
| half-life | the interval of time required for one-half of the atomic nuclei of a radioactive sample to decay |
| alpha radiation | a type of radiation that occurs when a nuclear fission reaction of an unstable atom produces an alpha particle, consisting of two protons and two neutrons, and an atom of a new element with an atomic number less than the original atom |
| beta radiation | a nuclear fission reaction where a neutron decays into a proton and emits a beta particle, consisting of one electron, resulting in an atom with an atomic number one more than the original atom |
| gamma radiation | a type of radiation that occurs when a nucleus transitions from a high energy state to a lower energy state and emits a photon, called a gamma ray |
| nuclear fission reaction | the splitting of the nucleus of an atom, releasing energy |
| radioactive decay | the process by which an unstable isotope loses energy by radiation |
Created by:
HHATTORI
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