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Environ 12-13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Energy efficiency | Measure of how much useful work can be extracted from each unit of energy used |
| Cogeneration | Production of two useful forms of energy, such as high-temperature steam and electricity, from the same fuel source. |
| Hydrogen fuel cell | Device that uses hydrogen gas as a fuel to produce electricity when it reacts with oxygen gas in the atmosphere and emits harmless water vapor |
| Passive solar heating system | System that absorbs and stores heat from the sun directly within a well-insulated airtight structure. |
| Active solar heating system | System that uses solar collectors to capture energy from the sun and store it as heat for space heating and water heating. |
| Photovoltaic cell | Device that converts solar energy directly into electrical energy. Also called a solar cell. |
| Hydropower | Technology that uses the kinetic energy of flowing or falling water to produce electricity. |
| Biomass | Organic matter produced by plants that can be burned in either solid or gaseous form to produce energy. |
| Biofuel | Fuel, such as ethyl alcohol or biodiesel, made from plant material (biomass). |
| Geothermal energy | Heat stored in soil, underground rocks, and fluids in the Earth’s mantle. It is used to heat and cool buildings and water and to produce electricity. |
| Decarbonization | reduction or elimination of carbon dioxide emissions from a process such as manufacturing or the production of energy. |
| District heating | a system for distributing heat generated in a centralized location through a system of insulated pipes for residential and commercial heating requirements such as space heating and water heating |
| Name four main types of renewable energy sources. | wind , solar, hydro, geothermal |
| What makes the use of biofuel not sustainable? | Biofuel requires land so it is not sustainable |
| What makes one appliance more efficient than another model of the same appliance? | One appliance may use less energy for the same amount of work |
| What is a smart grid and how is it more efficient than existing grids? | an electricity network enabling a two-way flow of electricity and data with digital communications technology enabling to detect, react and pro-act to changes in usage and multiple issues |
| What are the reasons why energy is unnecessarily wasted in industrial processes? | Energy is wasted in heat, machines arent energy efficient, energy is lost with poor insulation |
| List three ways to save energy and money in transportation. | Encourage biking, public transportation, eco friendly cars |
| List three ways to save energy and money in new buildings and in existing buildings. | Cogeneration, replace energy wasting electric motors. Recycle materials |
| List three reasons why renewable energy is not more widely used. | Political resistance, not reliable, expensive |
| Solar | cost of using sunlight is coming down Needs to be located in sunny areas, fossil fuels in production, high cost |
| Wind | abundant, inexhaustible, high net energy Largest potential areas are usually rural, need backup power source on calm days, noisy |
| Biomass | fuel can be grown Requires large plots of land to grow fuel |
| Geothermal | energy efficient, environmentally clean, cost-effective to heat or cool a space Can only be used in specific areas, high cost, could create earthquakes |
| Hydroelectric | worlds leading renewable energy source used to produce electricity, least expensive Requires mountainous terrain, water floods |
| Net energy | Energy output minus energy input. |
| Commercial energy | Energy sold in the marketplace. |
| Crude oil | Gooey liquid consisting of hydrocarbon compounds and other compounds, formed from the remains of ancient organisms over the course of millions of years. |
| Coal | Fossil fuel formed from the remains of land plants that were buried and exposed to intense heat and pressure for 300 to 400 million years. |
| Natural gas | Underground deposits of gases consisting of 50–90% methane and smaller amounts of heavier gaseous hydrocarbon compounds such as propane and butane. |
| Refining | Complex process of heating crude oil to separate it into various fuels and other components with different boiling points. |
| Petrochemical | Usable by-product from crude oil refinement that is utilized to create other chemicals and as an ingredient in products such as plastics, synthetic fibers, paints, medicines, and cosmetics. |
| Hydraulic fracturing | Method that uses high-pressure pumps to blast huge volumes of a mixture of water, sand, and various chemicals into a well to fracture the porous rock and release natural gas or oil. |
| Nuclear Fission | When nuclei molecules split a large molecule into smaller molecules |
| Nuclear Fusion | When nuclei molecules are brought together to make a large molecule |
| Full-cost pricing | When all variables that took place in making a product are accounted for in the price |
| Sustainability | The ability to keep in existence or maintain. A sustainable ecosystem is one that can be maintained |
| Name the four main types of nonrenewable resources. | Coal, Oil, Natural Gas, Nuclear Power |
| What is the world’s most abundant nonrenewable fossil fuel? | Coal |
| What is the most widely used energy resource in the United States? | Oil |
| What is an energy subsidy? | Energy tax breaks from the government |
| Coal | ample supplies in many countries, medium to high net energy, low costs Severe land disturbance and water pollution, large emissions of pollutants in air |
| Natural gas | Ample supplies, versatile fuel, medium net energy, burning emits fewer pollutants Low net energy for LNG, production/delivery leads to carbon dioxide, pollutes groundwater |
| Oil | Ample supplies for many decades, medium net energy,efficient. Water pollution from oil spills and leaks, emits air pollutants when burned, |
| Nuclear | Low environmental impact Low net energy, high costs, fear of accidents, long lived radioactive wastes |
| What benefits would the United States have in producing its own oil rather than relying on imports? | The United States won’t have to rely on other countries. If there's an embargo on the U.S. or trade ships are being intercepted, economic collapse will happen. |
Created by:
NicolasT