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Chapter 31
The Spread and Impact of the Reformation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Section 1 | |
| Lutheranism | |
| 1. Origins of Denomination. | -Founded by Martin Luther in Germany in 1521 |
| 2. Beliefs about Sin and Salvation. | - Believed that salvation was a gift from God received by people if they sincerely believed in Jesus, were sorry for their sins, and accepted the Bible as truth - Luther called this “justification by faith.” |
| 3. Beliefs about the Ultimate Source of Authority. | - Believed that the Bible was the only true source of religious guidance - Rejected the authority of church councils and the pope |
| 4. Rituals and Worship | - Kept some Catholic practices and added new Lutheran ones -Church looked like Catholic Church (altar, crucifix, and candles) services had some similarities to Catholic mass, such as Communion and Bible Readings -Two sacraments instead of seven |
| 5. Community Life | - Emphasized strict discipline and large, strong families - Children were taught to pray before meals and bed |
| Section 2 | |
| Calvinism | |
| 1. Origins of Denomination. | - Founded by John Calvin in Switzerland in 1541 |
| 2. Beliefs about Sin and Salvation. | - Believed in predestination (the idea that God already knows who will be saved (go to heaven) and who will be condemned - People’s destinies were revealed by their behavior -Those who behaved well were saved and those who sinned were not |
| 3. Beliefs about the Ultimate Source of Authority. | - Believed the Bible was the only source of religious guidance -Believed that communities should be ruled according to God’s law -People that sinned were also committing a crime |
| 4. Rituals and Worship. | - Believers attended services up to five times a week - Sermons were long and explained how to live according to the Bible - Churches were very simple with wood panels and benches - Used only the two sacraments-Baptism and Communion |
| 5. Community Life. | - Believed that communities should be theocracies (governed by God through religions leaders) - Laws were based on the Bible - Homes could be inspected to see if families were obeying the laws; people who broke laws were severely punished |
| Section 3 | |
| Anglicanism | |
| 1. Origins of denomination | - Founded by King Henry VIII in 1534 |
| 2. Beliefs about Sin and Salvation | Believed Baptism washed away original sin Believed in justification by faith: to go to heaven, people needed to believe in God, regret their sins, and receive God’s mercy |
| 3. Beliefs about the Ultimate Source of Authority | -Based beliefs on the Bible -The monarch, assisted by the Archbishop of Canterbury, was the main interpreter of the Bibles -Believers could interpret beliefs in their own ways as long as they were loyal to the monarch |
| 4. Rituals and Worship | -High church service was formal like the Catholic mass -Services were held in a former Catholic church building where -the Ten Commandments were painted on the wall Used only the two sacraments Baptism and Communion |
| 5. Community Life | High Church communities were mostly wealthy Low church communities were middle and working class people People could work as they liked, as long as they did not attack the monarch or the Anglican church |
| Section 4 | |
| 1. What was the Council of Trent? What did the council do? | a. Meeting of Catholic Church leaders to combat corruption within the church and resist Protestantism b.They rejected predestination and justification by faith c. Reaffirmed catholic believe in 7 sacraments d. Regained faith in Bible |
| 2. What was the Society of Jesus? | -New order known as Jesuits -Started by Ignatius of Loyola during counter reformation to preach, educate people, and perform public services -They were (and are) dedicated teachers and missionaries |
| 3. How did the Society of Jesus help strengthen the Catholic Church? | -Founded schools and colleges -Brought Europeans back to the Catholic church -Spread Catholicism in Africa, Asia, and the Americas |
| 4. What else did the Catholic church do to stop the spread of Protestantism? | -Looked to catholic leaders to support it and to win back Europeans to the church -The pope started the Roman Inquisition -The church published a list of books that Catholics were forbidden to read -Dealt harshly with those labeled as heretics |
| Section 5 | |
| 1. Map of areas that were Catholic | Portugal, Spain, Italy, France, southern Holy Roman Empire, Hungary, Poland, Ireland |
| 1 (Cont) . Map areas that were Protestant | much of the Holy Roman Empire, Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, parts of Prussia, Switzerland, Scotland, and the Netherlands, parts of France, England |
| 2. How did the Reformation plant seeds of democratic ideas? | -Protestants emphasized being true to their own conscience -Belief made people more willing to question authority -Some persecuted groups- such as Puritans, fled seeking religious freedoms to worship their own ways |
| 3. List areas where Catholic and Protestant missionaries traveled after the Reformation and the Counter- Reformation | - Areas of the World Where Catholic Missionaries Traveled -India, China, Japan, Southeast Asia -American Southwest, Mexico, South America Areas of the World where Protestant Missionaries traveled - Ceylon, India, Indonesia |
| End |
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JaceMaun12