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Stack #3852424
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abolitionist | A person who wanted to end slavery |
| Frederick Douglass | (1817-1895) American abolitionist and writer, he escaped slavery and became a leading African American spokesman and writer. |
| Harriet Tubman | United States abolitionist born a slave on a plantation in Maryland and became a famous conductor on the Underground Railroad leading other slaves to freedom in the North (1820-1913) |
| Dred Scott v. Sanford | Constitution did not protect the rights of people of African descent |
| Jim Crow Laws | Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | Supreme Court ruling that stated segregated facilities are legal as long as they are equal - "separate but equal" |
| Booker T. Washington | early civil rights leader that advocated for gradual equality and economic improvement |
| W.E.B. DuBois | early civil rights leader that advocated for immediate equality, and that political action was the best way to advance black rights |
| Brown v. Board of Education | 1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated. |
| non-violent resistance | The use of peaceful means to protest; refusing to fight back. |
| Martin Luther King Jr. | the leader of the Civil Rights Movement and used nonviolent resistance |
| Civil Disobedience | peaceful protest and coordinated refusal to comply with unjust laws |
| SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) | responsible for many nonviolent civil rights protest (at first) |
| Montgomery Bus Boycott | 13-month campaign organized to end the segregation on the city's buses |
| Greensboro Sit-ins | Members of the SNCC organized "sit - in" of all-white lunch counters |
| Freedom Riders | activist rode interstate buses into the segregated South to challenge the non-enforcement of Browder v. Gayle |
| Birmingham Campaign | organized by Martin Luther King Jr. with national TV coverage revealed the brutality civil rights activists faced |
| March on Washington | led by Martin Luther King Jr. a peaceful protest to gain support for civil and economic equality |
| 24th Amendment | prohibit the use of poll tax or other types of tax in order to vote |
| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin |
| Voting Rights Act of 1965 | a law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African-American suffrage |
| Malcolm X | advocated using violence if necessary, and supported the black separatist movement |
| The Ballot or the Bullet | speech that malcolm x gave, supported violence in self defense, exhorted blacks to cast off the shackles of racism "by any means necessary," including violence |
| Black Panther Party | militant group who was inspired by Malcolm X and was formed to fight police brutality |
| Loving v. Virginia | 1867 court case that declared all laws against interracial marriage unconstitutional |
| Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education | Approved busing and redrawing district lines as ways of integrating public schools |
| Griggs v. Duke Power | Employment discrimination |
| Grutter v. Bollingen | Allowed the use of race as a general factor in law school admissions at University of Michigan |
| Seneca Falls Convention | (1848) the first national women's rights convention at which the Declaration of Sentiments was written |
| 19th Amendment (1920) | Gave women the right to vote |
| Susan B. Anthony | social reformer who campaigned for women's rights, using conventional methods |
| Alice Paul | fought for women's rights using more controversial methods |
| Betty Friedan | 1921-2006. American feminist, activist and writer. Best known for starting the "Second Wave" of feminism through the writing of her book "The Feminine Mystique". |
| Gloria Steinem | Co-founded organizations and publications and encouraged women to run for political office |
| Shirley Chisholm | first African American woman elected to Congress |
| Title IX | Prohibits discrimination based on sex in education programs and activities that receive federal financial assistance |
| Intersectionality | A person's various identities (race, class, gender) all influence how they are treated and perceived |
| Women Economic Opportunities | more women entering the workforce in non-pink collar jobs and executive positions |
| Equal Rights Amendment | proposed amendment that would have banned discrimination on the basis of gender |
| Roe v. Wade | (1973) legalized abortion on the basis of a woman's right to privacy |
| Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. | Ruling: Ledbetter did not have standing to make a discrimination claim under current federal law |
| Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization | Supreme Court Cases that overturned Roe v. Wade |
| Executive Order 10450 | prohibited LGBTQ individuals from having jobs in the federal government |
| Stonewall Uprising | beginning of the modern LBGTQ rights movement |
| Harvey Milk | 1st openly gay politician in California, was assassinated |
| AIDS epidemic | Beginning in the early 1980's, public health officials began to see increased cases of the disease. Most Americans did not understand the disease, which led to stigma, fear, and discrimination |
| Second National March on Washington | protest march organized to support broad civil rights goalsDon't Ask Don't Tell |
| Don't Ask Don't Tell | policy/law implemented by the Clinton administration to allow LGBTQ servicemembers to remain in the military without revealing their sexual orientation |
| Lawrence v. Texas | states cannot criminalize the personal actions of consenting adults |
| Obergefell v. Hodges | the right to marry for same-sex couples is protected by the 14th amendment |
| Establishment Clause | Clause in the First Amendment that says the government may not establish an official religion |
| Free Exercise Clause | "Congress shall make no law... prohibiting the free exercise thereof" |
| American Indian Religious Freedom Act of 1978 | protects the rights of Native Americans to exercise their traditional religions |
| Eugenics Movement | Pushed for government restrictions on immigration and the forced sterilization of criminals and people with mental illnesses |
| Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) | prohibits discrimination based on disability |
| Olmstead v. L.C. | People with disabilities cannot be segregated from the general population if state-funded, community-based services were more appropriate. |
| Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (1990 | provide children with disabilities the same opportunity for education as those students who do not have a disability |
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