Question 1

Developmental psychology is the study of:

Accepted Answer

changes that occur in human beings over the course of their lives.

Question 2

Development is lifelong, and change is:

Accepted Answer

apparent across the lifespan

Question 3

A cohort is:

Accepted Answer

a group of people who are born at roughly the same period in a particular society.

Question 4

Socioeconomic status is a way to identify families and households based on their shared levels of education, income, and occupation.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 5

The period in lifespan development that covers prenatal development starts at conception, continues through implantation in the uterine wall by the embryo, and ends at birth.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 6

The stage of infancy and toddlerhood starts at birth and ends at age three.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 7

Adolescence is the stage that:

Accepted Answer

starts at the onset of puberty until the age of 18.

Question 8

Simple random sampling, sample bias, and confirmation bias are concerns one needs to be aware of when:

Accepted Answer

conducting research

Question 9

Types of research studies include:

Accepted Answer

all-observational, surveys

Question 10

Conducting ethical research includes:

Accepted Answer

Do no harm

Question 11

The period of rapid neural growth in infancy and toddlerhood that includes synaptogenisis, or the formation of connections between neurons, is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

synaptic blooming

Question 12

Synaptic pruning, or when neural connections are reduced thereby making those connections that are used much stronger, is thought to cause the brain to function more efficiently by allowing the mastery of more complex skills.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 13

The coating of fatty tissues around the axon of the neuron is called the:

Accepted Answer

myelin

Question 14

Vision is the most highly develop sense at birth due to the protective environment of the womb.

Accepted Answer

false

Question 15

Immediately after birth a newborn:

Accepted Answer

is sensitive to touch and temperature

Question 16

Anemia, a condition that seems to be increasing in children one to three years of age, is caused by:

Accepted Answer

low iron levels

Question 17

Piaget developed a theory in regard to cognitive development in individuals.  The first stage of cognitive develop is referred to as the sensorimotor period and occurs through:

Accepted Answer

6 substages

Question 18

The understanding that even if something is out of sight, it still exists is called:

Accepted Answer

object permanence

Question 19

Bowlby developed the concept of attachment theory, which is:

Accepted Answer

The bond between an infant and a primary caregiver.

Question 20

Erikson formulated an eight stage theory of psychosocial development.  He believed the most important goal of infancy was:

Accepted Answer

the development of a basic sense of trust in one's caregivers.

Question 21

Middle childhood takes place during the ages of:

Accepted Answer

6-12 years

Question 22

Sexual development in middle childhood includes:

Accepted Answer

a continuation of sexual curiosity.

the continuation of self touch and sexual play.

the awareness of social rules and the need for privacy.

Question 23

Middle childhood cognitive development involves the thought processes becoming more logical and organized when dealing with concrete information.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 24

The concrete operational child is able to:

Accepted Answer

make use of logical principles in solving problems involving the physical world.

Question 25

The concrete child exhibits abilities that include: classification, identity, reversibility, conservation, decentration, and seriation.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 26

During middle childhood children make strides in several areas of cognitive function including the capacity of working memory, their ability to pay attention, and their use of memory strategies.  Working memory changes during this stage consists of:

Accepted Answer

changes in myelation and synaptic pruning in the cortex.

the ability to inhibit irrelevant information from entering memory.

increase in processing speed.

Question 27

Children who utilize two or more memory strategies to help them recall information have a harder time with memory performance when compared to children who only utilize one memory strategy.

Accepted Answer

false

Question 28

metacognition refers to

Accepted Answer

the knowledge we have about our own thinking and our ability to use this awareness to regulate our own cognitive processes.

Question 29

Communication disorders include trouble with speech fluency, articulation, and/or voice.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 30

In Kohlberg's stages of development, he considered pre-conventional moral development to be the most superficial understanding of right and wrong.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 31

Dysgraphia is a writing disability, while dyscalculia refers to problems with math.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 32

Industry versus inferiority refers to:

Accepted Answer

Erikson's belief that if children are industrious and successful in their endeavors they will get a sense of confidence for future challenges.

Question 33

Self-concept refers to beliefs about general personal identity, which include personal attributes, physical characteristics, behaviors, and competencies.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 34

Self-efficacy is the belief that you are unable to carry out specific tasks involving one's emotions.

Accepted Answer

false

Question 35

Children experienced trauma elicit feelings concern for personal safety or safety others, be preoccupied with own actions, often experience guilt or shame over what did or didn't do during traumatic event, may participate in retelling of trauma event.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 36

Adolescence is often characterized as a period of:

Accepted Answer

transformation, primarily in terms of physical, cognitive, and social-relational change.

Question 37

Physical changes of puberty mark the onset of:

Accepted Answer

adolescence.

Question 38

Distal proximal development refers to:

Accepted Answer

the physical growth that takes place during puberty that proceeds from the extremities toward the torso.

Question 39

Primary sexual characteristics refer to:

Accepted Answer

the changes in the reproductive organs.

Question 40

During adolescence, individuals tend to do whatever activities produce the most dopamine without fully considering the consequences.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 41

Which system is linked to the hormonal changes that occur at puberty?

Accepted Answer

The limbic system.

Question 42

During which of Piaget's stages are adolescents able to understand abstract principles which have no physical reference?

Accepted Answer

The formal operational stage.

Question 43

Adolescent egocentrism refers to the demonstrated behavior by adolescents that place focus mainly on others.

Accepted Answer

false

Question 44

Inductive reasoning refers to specific observations or comments, often from authority, that are used to help draw general conclusions, while deductive reasoning refers to:

Accepted Answer

the overarching principle that propose specific conclusions that guarantee a truthful outcome if the premises on which it is based are accurate.

Question 45

Adolescents ideally need between eight to ten hours of sleep each night to function at their best.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 46

Which theorist developed the theory of identity development called identity versus role confusion?

Accepted Answer

Erikson

Question 47

Some of the main areas of identity development researched by developmental psychologists include religious identity, political identity:

Accepted Answer

gender, vocational, ethnic

Question 48

According to Patterson's early versus late starter model of aggression and antisocial behavior, early starters are at greater risk for long-term antisocial behavior that extends into adulthood when compared to late starters.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 49

Females are twice as likely to experience anxiety and are 1.5 to 3 times more likely to experience depression when compared to males.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 50

Middle adulthood typically starts around the age of 40 and lasts for:

Accepted Answer

20-40 years

Question 51

100 yrs ago, life expectancy in the United States was about 47 years. Life-expectancy has increased globally by about 6 years since 1990 and now stands at 72 years and ranges from 53 years in low-income countries to 84 in high-income countries.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 52

There are many biological based physical changes that take place in midlife besides changes in vision, joint pain, and weight gain.

Accepted Answer

false

Question 53

Sarcopenia often takes place during middle adulthood.  Sarcopenia is:

Accepted Answer

the loss of muscle mass and strength.

Question 54

Heart disease continues to be the number one cause of death worldwide.  Atherosclerosis refers to:

Accepted Answer

the buildup of fatty plaque in the arteries.

Question 55

Hypertension is another term for high blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 56

Cholesterol is:

Accepted Answer

a waxy fatty substance carried by lipoprotein molecules in the blood.

Question 57

In adults, 90% to 95% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes are type 2, and type 2 diabetes usually begins with insulin resistance, a disorder in which the cells in the muscles, liver, and fat tissue do not use insulin properly.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 58

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA):

Accepted Answer

is an inflammatory disease that causes pain, swelling, stiffness, and loss of function in the joints.

Question 59

Gallstones are present in about 20% of women and 10% of men over the age of 55.  Gallstones:

Accepted Answer

are hard particles, including fatty materials, bile pigments, and calcium deposits, that can develop in the gallbladder.

Question 60

Menopause refers to a period of transition in which a woman's uterine lining becomes thin and the level of estrogen and progesterone production decreases.

Accepted Answer

false-ovaries stop producing eggs

Question 61

The brain continues to demonstrate plasticity and rewires itself in middle age based on experiences showing that the brain at midlife can maintain abilities and even gain new ones.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 62

Expert thought is often characterized as:

Accepted Answer

intuitive, automatic, strategic, and flexible.

Question 63

A "midlife crisis" may occur due to one reassessing life and experiencing feelings of regret toward chances earlier in life that were not taken.  It most often occurs in the highly educated and is often triggered by a major life event.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 64

Erikson's stage that involves looking at one’s life while asking the question, “Am I doing anything worthwhile? Is anyone going to know that I was here? What am I contributing to others?” is known as:

Accepted Answer

generativity versus stagnation.

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