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- Cremation Services
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Method of disposing dead body via fire, first attributed to the ancient Greeks. reduction of a dead human body to inorganic bone fragments by intense heat in a specifically designed retort or chamber. FTC A heating process which incinerates human remains. | Cremation |
| A furnace or retort for cremating dead human bodies; a building that houses a retort; also known as Crematorium. FTC definition: Any person, partnership or corporation that performs cremation and sells funeral goods. | Crematory |
| A disposition of human remains by cremation without formal viewing, visitation, or ceremony with the body present. | Direct Cremation |
| A person who is legally entitled to order and direct the cremation and final disposition of specific human remains. | Authorizing Agent |
| All remains of the cremated human body recovered after the completion of the entire cremation process including pulverization. | Cremated remains |
| Specific written permission from the person(s) who is legally authorized to control disposition that authorizes the contracting funeral / cremation provider to cremate a person's body. | Cremation authorization form |
| Consent by an authorized person for participation in a procedure by a subject after achieving an understanding of what is involved in the procedure. | Informed consent |
| The secondary burner of a retort which facilitates additional combustion of the unburned combustible material that left the primary chamber. | Afterburner |
| The secondary chamber of a retort where unburned combustible materials from the primary chamber collects for further combustion. | After chamber |
| A device used to introduce flame to the primary chamber of a retort | Burner ; may be referred to as the primary burner. |
| The rapid oxidation of burning (chemical reaction that results from mixing fuel and oxygen in the presence of an ignition source) that produces heat and light. | Combustion |
| To combine, intentionally or otherwise, the cremated remains of more than one person. | Commingle |
| An environmentally safe casket which is designed for encasing dead human remains for cremation. | Cremation casket |
| A case/container into which a dead human body is placed PRIOR TO the cremation process. This container, along with the body, is then cremated. | Cremation container |
| The burning chamber in a crematory; a retort designed specifically for the incineration of human remains. | Cremator |
| Combustion products such as smoke, soot, sulfur dioxide, etc. | Emissions |
| A horizontal passage for conducting products of combustion into the atmosphere. | Flue |
| A solid surface upon which the human remains and container are placed for the cremation process. I | Hearth |
| The degree to which a substance allows light to pass through | Opacity |
| Small pieces of liquids or solids that include dust, fumes, smoke, mists or sprays that are products of incinerated matter | Particulates also known as Particulate Matter. |
| Chemical compounds (gaseous or particulate matter) in combustion / flue gases that present human health and environmental concerns. | Pollutants |
| Chamber within a retort where primary ignition and burning of human remains occurs. | Primary combustion chamber |
| The process of reducing the size of cremated remains after or as a secondary step of cremation | Pulverize ; sometimes referred to as processing. |
| Special high temperature lining of the combustion chambers. | Refractory |
| The burning chamber in a crematory. | Retort |
| of a retort which facilitates additional combustion of the unburned combustible material that left the primary chamber | Secondary burner also known as Afterburner. |
| Chamber where unburned combustible materials from the primary chamber are completely burned. | Secondary combustion chamber |
| A chamber designed to reduce the velocity of the products of combustion to promote the settling of fly ash to allow for further combustion or to inhibit escape from the stack | Settling chamber also known as Expansion Chamber. |
| A vertical passage for conducting products of combustion into the atmosphere. | Stack |
| unfinished wood box or other non-metal receptacle or enclosure, without ornamentation or fixed interior lining, designed for encasement of human remains, which is made of cardboard, pressed-wood, composition material with or without an outside covering or | Alternative Container |
| An environmentally safe casket which is designed for encasing dead human remains for cremation. | Cremation Casket |
| casket which is used as a temporary receptacle for dead human remains for the purpose of visitation and funeral, with the intention that the remains will be placed in some other suitable container for permanent disposition (often a cardboard rental casket | Rental Casket |
| An alternative container which is place inside a rental casket, composed of cardboard and interior fabric, designed to be removed from the rental casket and cremated after the service or viewing; the insert may be used as a cremation container; also known | Rental Casket Inserts |
| The act of scattering cremated remains from an airplane. | Aerial Scattering |
| Form of final disposition of creamted remains in which remains are tossed into the wind. | Casting |
| A mausoleum which has an area large enough to conduct a service and generally has the crypt or niche opening to the interior of the building. | Chapel Mausoleum |
| A structure, room, or space in a mausoleum (or other building/structure of more durable and lasting fireproof construction) containing niches or recesses, and is used or intended to be used to contain cremated remains. | Columbarium |
| A chamber in a mausoleum, of sufficient size, generally used to contain the casketed remains of a deceased person. | Crypts |
| The placing of a human remains into a crypt in a mausoleum. | Entombment |
| A mausoleum which contains crypts or niches which open to the exterior of the building, does not contain an area for services in the interior of the building and may be in a park-like setting. | Garden Mausoleum |
| The act of placing an urn into a niche. | Innichement |
| The act of placing cremated remains in an urn. CANA definition: The act of placing cremated remains in a niche or grave. | Inurnment |
| Small urn, often miniature replica of a standard-sized urn, into which cremated remains can be placed and divided amongst other family members. | Keepsake urns |
| From Latin and Greek "Mausoleion," the tomb of King Mausolus. An above ground structure/building (public or private) containing crypts or vaults for entombment of caskets; may also include niches for cremated remains. | Mausoleum |
| A recess or space in a columbarium used for the permanent placing of cremated remains. | Niches |
| Contemporary definition: A receptacle used for the communal placement of cremated remains, without using an urn or other container, in which cremated remains are commingled with other cremated remains. A repository for bones or bone fragments. | Ossuary |
| A mausoleum which is usually smaller in size than a public mausoleum and which only contains the remains of the building's owner; also known as Family Mausoleum. | Private Mausoleum a.k.a. Family Mausoleum |
| The act of placing cremated remains on the ground and then mixing them into the soil | Raking |
| The act of scattering cremated remains in an object such as a tree, shrub, or statue. | Ringing |
| The act of dispersing cremated remains from an urn or other similar container. | Scattering |
| A section in the cemetery set aside for the scattering of the ashes of cremated human remains. | Scattering Gardens |
| An urn designed and marketed to hold the cremated remains for the usually brief period of time between the cremation and subsequent scattering of the cremated remains. | Scattering Urns |
| A container which is utilized to hold cremated remains for easy transport when the authorizing person has not selected the final container to hold the cremated remains. | Temporary urn |
| The act of placing cremated remains into a shallow groove in the soil. | Trenching |
| Those cremated remains which are left indefinitely by the family at the funeral home or crematory. | Unclaimed Cremated Remains |
| A container for cremated remains: a vase with a foot or pedestal. | Urn |
| A structure used to transport an urn of cremated remains in a ceremonial fashion to a final resting place. | Urn ark |
| A structure for the encasement of an urn in the ground. | Urn vault |
| The act of scattering cremated remains over water. | Water Scattering |
| the attention reasonably expected from, and ordinarily exercised by, a person who seeks to satisfy a legal requirement or to discharge an obligation. | Due Diligence |
| crematory operated by an entity other than the funeral home or funeral provider who contracted with the family of the deceased. | Third Party Crematory |
| family representative(s) are present for the initiation of the cremation process. | Witnessing of Cremation |
| Water-based dissolution process for human remains that uses alkaline chemicals, heat, and sometimes agitation and/or pressure to accelerate natural decomposition; bone residue remains (similar to the volume customarily obtained after cremation) that is pu | Alkaline Hydrolysis |
| Created the first crematory in Italy | Professor Brunetti |
| Created the first crematory in Pennsylvania | Dr. Francis LeMoyne |
| Who tends to purchase cremations? | have a higher educational level; be in a higher income level; be less religious; neo-localist |
| They found the top 5 reasons for cremation to be: | Saves money - 30% Saves land - 13% Simpler - 8% Body not in ground - 6% Preference of deceased - 6% |
| If you look at the state by state cremation rates, you will find higher percentages of cremation in the following states: | Arizona, and Florida Colorado, Nevada, Washington, Oregon, and California New England states: Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont |
| tend to lag behind other states in the percentage of cremations. | Southern and Mid-western states |
| the Cremation rate rose above 50% in the United States for the first time in history. | 2016 |
| The Funeral Rule has listed two misrepresentations that can occur relative to cremation. They are: | Fail to disclose that embalming is not required by law except in certain special cases, if any. Represent that state or local law requires a casket for direct cremations; Place the following disclosure on the general price list |
| It is a deceptive practice to tell a family that a deceased must be embalmed for an immediate burial or direct cremation. | True |
| It is a deceptive practice to tell a family that cremation requires the purchase of a casket. | true |
| It is a deceptive practice to tell a family that state law requires embalming for an infectious diseases case, if the law does require it. | false |
| Commingling of remain | It is essential that NO two deceased persons have their cremated remains commingled, unless allowed by state law and then only if you have authorization from the authorizing agent of each individual. |
| Medical Devices | One of the first things to note about preparing the body for cremation is that some medical devices need to be removed. Specifically, pacemakers, defibrillators, and infusion pumps need to be removed before cremation. If the funeral director is utilizing |
| Jewelry or other personal property | Removal of jewelry / personal property was once as simple as checking for rings and necklaces. Now with body piercings, funeral directors need to ask the family if there is any jewelry / piercings that may need to be removed prior to cremation. |
| When a funeral director delivers a body to the crematory, the crematory should provide the funeral director with a receipt verifying that the body was received by the crematory. | Some states (like Iowa) legally prohibit the opening of a cremation container at the crematory, but it should also be standard practice, as that could cause an additional risk to the crematory operator. Funeral Directors should verify with the crematory t |
| identification and Authorization | Prior to transporting to the crematory and then again at the crematory, the identity of the deceased needs to be verified prior to cremation. |
| 6 Reasons why cremation is a huge liability | cremation is irreversible. non-participatory. By that I mean, cremation takes place out of sight fam, uninformed about cremation. performed at crematories, family assumes the funeral home does cremtion, transferred. |
| Ways to reduce liability for cremation | Obtain authorization, Reach informed consent, identity of the deceased, Remove medical devices, jewelry and personal items prior to cremation,location of final disposition |
| Identification | Prior to transporting to the crematory and then again at the crematory, the identity of the deceased needs to be verified prior to cremation |
| According to Kubasak (pp.67-68), there are 4 reasons why one should perform Identification | certifies that this is the right person beyond reasonable doubt. underscores the professional responsibilities of the funeral director. stresses the irreversibility of the cremation process. Identification facilitates the process of grieving. |
| According to Kubasak, one needs to be careful when dealing with Durable powers of Attorney, | s he states the word durable means "the authority to act on behalf of the principal continues to be in effect in the event the principal becomes incapacitated, though it usually ends at death." |
| Kubasak further states that if the authorizing agent (next of kin) is not available to sign the paperwork giving permission for services and disposition, but a pre-arranged funeral gives the details, the funeral director is advised to | wait until the authorizing agent (next of kin) is able to sign. |
| Either the Cremation Authorization form or some other document should describe the cremation process in order to verify the consumer has informed consent. | irreversible, container selected by the authorizing person, bone fragments and ash will remain, repositioned during , microscopic particles of the deceased remain, personal items will only be removed, |
| When embalming is not performed, the funeral director should complete the following tasks prior to the identification / viewing of the remains. | identification tag, Inspect the body personal possessions, Clean, Close the eyes and mouth - while closing the mouth the dental tie non-invasive procedure. Position, dress, wash. DONT aspiration |
| Funeral Directors should ensure that medical devices such as pacemakers, defibrillators, infusion pumps be removed prior to placing the deceased in th | cremation container. |
| the body be placed in the cremation container by the funeral director and the cremation container not be opened at the crematory without the funeral director present. | true |
| states require a permit for cremation. The reason is because it is an irreversible process and could destroy evidence in a criminal or civil investigation | true |
| for cremation because if you cremate sooner than that you run the risk of there being a family issue and you cannot undo the cremation process. | wait 48 hours |
| Insert the metal disc into the retort | It must have a unique identification number which is assigned only to the deceased person and follows the body / cremated remains throughout the entire process including being placed in the urn or temporary container with the cremated remains. This could |
| Purge the system | Some retorts require that crematory to run a purge especially before the first cremation of the day. The purge will remove any gases or particulates that are remaining in the retort from prior cremations. |
| Preheat the retort | preheat process utilizes the afterburner and is necessary to ensure that the temperature in the secondary chamber is high enough to combust the gases and particulates released from the primary chamber during cremation. Notice the afterburner is the smalle |
| Most crematories also utilizes a loading table which is a | hydraulic lift that raises the cremation container high enough to set on the portal of entry into the primary chamber. |
| which will move the cremation container into the chamber without the operator manually pushing it in. | autoloader |
| Engage the primary burner | This is when the flame will actually cause the combustion of the body of the deceased. |
| Pollutants will then flow out of the primary chamber into the | settling chamber or after chamber. |
| The purpose of preheating the retort is... | To combust any gases/particulates released during cremation. |
| This step of the cremation process is designed to remove any gases or particulates which may remain from the prior cremation. | Purge the system |
| The burner which actually cremates the body is known as... | Primary burner |
| he burner which is used to combust the gases/particulates released during cremation. | Afterburner |
| What is the general temperature of the retort during a normal cremation? | 1400-1800 |
| Always cremate in a cool chamber, this is best accomplished by cremating obese cases early in the day before the crematory heats up. To ensure the crematory is cool, make sure there was no cremation for the | 12 hours prior to the cremation of the obese case. |
| Though non-obese cases are loaded feet first into the cremation chamber, always load the obese body | head first into the cremation chamber. |
| Preheat the chamber to 1400-1600 degrees, but monitor | the temperature to ensure it does not reach 2000 degrees. |
| 1 inch clearance on the top and sides of the primary chamber between the refractory and the cremation container. | true |
| 1 inch clearance on the top and sides of the primary chamber between the refractory and the cremation container. | true |
| If the temperature in the secondary chamber is around 1600 degrees on an obese case, visible emission is often the result. | False |
| When cremating an infant, the body should be placed immediately below the primary burner. | false |
| The pulverization process of an infant is accomplished with the same processor used for the adult cremated remains. | false |
| For an infant cremation, the deceased should be placed in a pan that will collect the cremated remains following cremation. | true |
| Qualities of a cremation container | Be composed of a combustible material B. Be rigid to allow for ease of handling C. Protects the operator D. Provides respect by covering the deceased |
| Highly varnished / polished caskets | Always cremate early in the day when the crematory is coolest. If they are cremated later in the day when the crematory is already hot, it could produce visible emissions, |
| The plastic will be liquefied during the cremation process and could bond to the hearth of the primary chamber. Incineration of plastic can also easily violate EPA regulations. of these potential concerns, caskets with excessive plastic should not | true |
| cremation metal caskets last of the day | true |
| This can be done in the backyard of the family if they desire, but they should be cautioned that this may open them up to real estate laws and regulations and may cause the land to become a cemetery. | Burial of urn |
| illegal scattering would be to scatter in Iowa on property owned by the family and then when the property is sold, not disclose that the land has human remains on it | true |
| First, they are not all ashes. Bone fragments are not ashes, they are bone fragments and so the term ashes is technically wrong. | true |
| every container in which cremated remains are shipped must contain the Label 139 on all sides of the container. | September 2019 |
| For both domestic and international shipping, cremated remains must be shipped by | USPS Priority Mail Express or Priority Mail Express International Service |
| The United States Postal Service® (USPS) is the only shipping company that ships Cremated Remains. | true |
| Inspections must be documented. | Attributes of an effective inspection. |
| With rising costs, operators are instructed to lower costs. | Reason why crematories do not perform at high standards. |
| I have enough to do and cremations do not generate much revenue. I have enough to do and cremations do not generate much revenue. | Reasons why Funeral Directors do not inspect. |
| Inspections much be unannounced. | Attributes of an effective inspection. |
| If I detect a problem, I wouldn't know what to do. | Reasons why Funeral Directors do not inspect. |
| Cremation is viewed as only a business activity. | Reason some crematories are not performing at high standards. |
| Lack of oversight or supervision by management. | Reason why crematories do not perform at high standards. |
| Crematory inspections are the responsibility of the authorities. | Reasons why Funeral Directors do not inspect. |
| There is no relationship / attachment to the deceased persons or client family. | Reason why crematories do not perform at high standards. |
| defined to be the attention reasonably expected from, and ordinarily exercised by, a person who seeks to satisfy a legal requirement or to discharge an obligation. | Due Diligence |
| The External Process is divided into three parts: | Records Request Crematory Interview Crematory Inspection |
| Records Request | External |
| Identification process | Internal |
| Cremation authorization forms | Internal |
| Crematory Inspection | External |
| Crematory employee interview | External |
| Handling Cremated Human Remains | Internal |
| means the decomposition or destruction of | Lysis |
| Hydro means | water |
| 300 - 350 degrees and pressure to transform the body into bone and a thick sludge (liquid similar to syrup) which is composed of the soft tissues that have been broken down. | Alkaline Hydrolysis is a water-based chemical process which uses a strong alkali often lye (sodium hydroxide) in water |
| The bones then have to dry for days / weeks before they can be processed, like cremation, to reduce them to a white/ ashen-colored by products which are smaller fragments. | There are two medical centers using the equipment for research cadavers (University of Florida in Gainesville and the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN). |
| Produces white or ashen by products. | both |
| Fournier says the most important aspects of a green burial are: | don't use a decorative casket; don't use a burial vault or grave liner; decline embalming; and use a green burial site. |
| are convention cemeteries offering the option for burial without the need for a vault..." (p. 75) | Hybrid Burial Grounds |
| require the adoption of practices/protocols that are energy-conserving, minimize waste, and do not require the use of toxic chemicals | Natural Burial Grounds |
| in addition to meeting all the requirements for a Natural Burial Ground, must further legitimate land conservation | Conservation Burial Grounds |
| Develop a plan for unauthorized grave decorations. | Cemeteries |
| Divided into Hybrid, Natural, and Conservation | Cemeteries |
| Offer families sanitation and temporary preservation techniques which are non-invasive. | Funeral Homes |
| Finishes and adhesives do not release toxic by-products. | Burial Products |
| Prohibit the use of a vault | Cemeteries |
| Finishes and adhesives do not contain plastics. | Burial Products |
| Offer families at least three GBC arrpvoed burial containers. | Funeral Homes?? |
| Utilizes a liner that is "Organic" material certified by a third-party provider | burial Products |
| Accommodate home vigils without embalming. | Funeral Homes |
| Shell is made from material harvested in environmentally sustainalbe manner. | Burial Products |
| Offer public viewing without embalming. | Funeral Homes |
| According to Fournier, if you compare cremation and alkaline hydrolysis you will find that alkaline hydrolysis has | "75.72% less carbon impact on environment" (p. 132). |
Created by:
jcowing