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gov exam pt 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Any party, except in a case where a defendant in a criminal trial has been found __________________________, who is not satisfied with the outcome from the trial court may appeal to an intermediate appellate court. | not guilty |
| Appellate courts are usually set up with the judges working in panels of ________ or more (always an odd number), and most judges decide the outcome of the cases brought to the court. | three |
| The appellate courts do not have juries, do not hear from witnesses, or review the facts of the case, but instead _________________________________ from the parties’ attorneys to decide issues of law or process raised in the cases brought up on appeal. | All of the answers are correct |
| Most of the time its decisions are final, but it is possible to appeal to the next appellate court level, often the ____________________________. | Court of Last Resort |
| ______ states that do not have an intermediate court of appeals. | Eleven |
| Many Courts of Last Resort do have original jurisdiction in certain specific matters, such as the __________________________________ of legislative districts. | reapportioning |
| The decisions coming from these state Courts of Last Resort are final, with the extremely rare exception of when the _____________________________ decides to hear an appeal from a state. | U.S. Supreme Court |
| One path for a state-based case to reach the U.S. Supreme Court’s appellate jurisdiction is when there is a substantial ________________________________ involved and the case must is viewed as “ripe,” | federal question |
| Problem-solving courts commonly referred to as “__________________________________________” dispensing “therapeutic jurisprudence,” have emerged in most American states over the past decade. | specialized courts |
| Problem-solving courts got their start in 1989 when ___________________________________ experimented with a drug court. | Dade County, Florida |
| Instead of relying upon traditional sentencing involving ______________________________, offenders were required to pay back the community for the harm they caused by | incarceration |
| Evidence collected in evaluation studies conducted on many drug courts indicates that these problem-solving courts tend to achieve ______________________________ results with regards to keeping offenders in treatment | favorable |
| Some examples of specialized courts include _________________________, ______________________, ____________________________, mental-health courts, teen courts, domestic violence courts, elder courts, and community courts involving lay citizens in the | All of the answers are correct |
| Some states have taken it upon themselves to permit the establishment of specialized courts for the protection of the environment and for addressing the economic costs and benefits of pursuing _______________________________. | sustainability |
| These “hearings officers” work within administrative agencies, which engage in regulatory actions that give rise to many disputes | Administrative Law Judges |
| Unlike the federal judiciary where ________________________________ appointments are made to the federal district, circuit, and supreme courts, in the states nearly all judges | lifetime |
| In most cases, a state’s judicial selection process does not catch the public’s attention given the limited knowledge citizens typically command regarding the courts and the actions of their judges; | checkers |
| While there are many types of selection processes, four principal processes are used in the U.S. for judicial selection within the states _____________________________? | all of these answers are correct |
| The proponents of _________________________ tend to feel strongly that the party affiliation next to a judicial candidate’s name provides important information to voters with respect to the candidate’s likely political philosophy. | Partisan Elections |
| The proponents of ______________________________counter that “justice is not partisan” – that is, there is no Democratic or Republican form of justice, only the impartial justice dispensed | Non-partisan Elections |
| One additional drawback associated with _________________________________ is that they can lead to an imbalance among a state’s judiciary in cases where a state features strong one-party dominance. | partisan judicial elections |
| There are two common methods of ________________________________, “simple” gubernatorial appointment and the “Merit System” of appointment. | judicial appointment |
| Terms of office for a judge on the _________________________ ranges from a low of five years to a high of 14 years. | Court of Last Resort |
| Challenges facing state courts include: ____________________________________________. | all of these answers are correct |
| ________________________________________: The perception that courts function politically and ideologically in decision-making rather than objectively. | Politicization of Courts/Judiciary |
| It was the 2002 U.S. Supreme Court decision in __________________________________that accelerated the politicizing of judicial elections. | Republican Party of Minnesota v. White |
| In the areas of freedom of speech, racial equality, business regulation, the rights of the accused, and environmental protection, the victories made along the way were often seen not in ________________________________, but rather in the American courts. | legislation |
| While unified ________________ courts ensure a high level of consistency in the operation of courts, the decentralized operations of _________________ courts make it possible for judges | state, local |
| Cases heard in local trial courts can have an important impact on sustainable development throughout the nation; the most recent such case is that of _______________________________________ involving eminent domain. | Kelo v. City of New London, Connecticut |
| ___________________________________: The principle by which the government can appropriate private property. | Eminent Domain |
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slipwayliz