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vibrations and sound

QuestionAnswer
sound a mechanical wave that is produced by vibrating objects
accoustics the study of sound
fundamental frequency the frequency at which a body tends to vibrate if it is free to do so
harmonics frequencies that are multiples of the fundamental frequency. f is first harmonic, 2f is second harmonic etc
overtones frequencies which are multiples of the fundamental frequency. 2f is the first harmonic, 3f is the second harmonic
resonance the response of a body to vibrations of its own natural frequency. resonance occurs when a body is forced to vibrate at its own natural frequency, resulting in large amplitude oscillations and maximum energy transfer between forcing agent and object
frequency limits of audibility 20Hz to 20000Hz
the human ear is most sensitive to frequencies between 2kHz and 4kHz
threshold of hearing the smallest intensity audible by the average human ear at a frequency of 1kHz
sound intensity the energy per second passing through unit area perpendicular to the direction to which the sound is travelling
sound intensity level gives the intensity of sound relative to the threshold of hearing. if the sound intensity doubles, the sound intensity level decreases by 3dB.
music sound of a regular frequency, consisting of related frequencies such as fundamental and harmonics, with a periodic waveform
noise sound with a constantly varying frequency and with no repetition or pattern in the waveform
demo: to show that sound needs a medium to travel set up apparatus as shown with the bell jar ringing. air is removed from the bell jar using a vacuum pump. As air is removed, the loudness of the sound decreases until nothing is heard. conclusion: sound needs a medium to travel
factors which determine the natural frequency
Created by: erina27
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