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Developmental Psych5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| True or False Females generally begin puberty two years earlier than males. | True |
| True or False Volatile communication consists of couples who argue frequently, but balance those disagreements with humor and affection. | True |
| True or False Cohabitation has been found to be a good way to strengthen a marriage | False |
| True or False Over the last 50 years, divorce rates have been on the rise due to the "no-fault" divorce laws. | True |
| True or False Typically, women tend to begin to lose their hearing earlier than men | False |
| True or False . Howard Gardner proposed the idea of Multiple Intelligences and stated there are three specific intelligences: analytic, creative and practical. | False |
| . A person with a Type B personality is typically less competitive and calmer than a person with a Type A personality. | True |
| Those people who are motivated by the intrinsic rewards of their career tend to have more personal satisfaction and be happier with their job. | True |
| Tobacco, alcohol and marijuana are all typically thought of as drugs to more serious drugs. | Gateway |
| Adolescents have the ability to consider many solutions to a problem, weigh options and make informed decisions. This is known as reasoning | Hypothetico-deductive |
| . According to James Marcia's identity statuses, the time when an adolescent explores alternatives or has a pause in identify formation is known as a | Moratorium |
| The period of physical decline, loss of strength and efficiency is known as | Senescence |
| Freud developed the regression theory suggesting that anorexia is a subconscious against maturation. | Manifestation |
| Erik Erikson believed a young adult is typically in the intimacy vs. stage | Isolation |
| The needs theory refers to the tendency to marry someone who has opposite or lacking qualities of a particular individual. | Complimentary |
| love combines all three types of loves (passion, intimacy and commitment) | Consummate |
| The term which refers to a male dominated relationship in which a woman is degraded, isolated or punished is known as terrorism. | Patriarchal |
| is the general term to describe a decrease in fertility with age | Climacteric |
| During the "midlife" period individuals are said to be in Erikson's Generativity vs. phase. | Stagnation |
| Parents may experience the syndrome when children grow up and leave the house. | Empty Nest |
| . Psychologist researched the effects of aging; discovered cells stop multiplying after a certain number of divisions | Leonard Hayflick |
| behavior theorist known for work with operant conditioning; believed learning is due to reinforcing/punishing behaviors | BF Skinner |
| multiple intelligences- linguistic, logical mathematical, musical, spatial, body-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, and philosophical | Howard Gardner |
| . known for his "Why wouldn't you steal from a store?" study; developed 6 stages of moral reasoning | Lawrence Kohlberg's |
| studied adolescent egocentrism | David Elkind |
| attachment theory; Strange Situation Study | Mary Ainsworth |
| researched the transitions from one role to another role in life | Erik Erikson |
| . created psychosocial development stages based on conflict and resolutions; focused on emotions not sexuality | Erik Erickson |
| believed developed occurred due to motivations (intrinsic/extrinsic); also developed Hierarchy of Needs | Maslow |
| Theory of Natural Selection; Galapagos Finches study | Charles Darwin |
| known for his work with marital communication | John Gottman |
| language psychologist; believed all babies are born with mechanics for language learning | Noam Chomsky |
| behavior theorist; classical conditioning study with dogs | Ivan Pavlov |
| cognitive theorist who believed language was a vital part of learning; Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) | Lev Vygotsky |
| founder of psychoanalysis; developed stages of psychosexual development which include: oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital | Sigmund Freud |
| .social learning theorist who believed learning can occur observation; Bobo doll experiment | Albert Bandura |
| identified three types of intelligence- academic, creative and practical | Robert Steinberg |
| Cognitive theorist who developed the stages of development of sensimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational and post-formal operational | Jean Piaget |
| behavior theorist; classical conditioning Little Albert experiment | John Watson |
| humanistic psychologist who believed people can change as long as someone believes in them; also postulated the notion of Unconditional positive regard | Carl Rogers |
| researched temperament in babies | Mary Ainsworth |
| developed the Ecological Model of concentric circles to show influences in a person's life | Bronfenbrenner's |
| studied parenting styles and determined there to be three distinct styles- authoritarian, permissive and authoritative | Diana Baumind |
| studied death and the grieving process | Elizabeth Kubler-Ross |
| When Michael is asked as to why he should not hit his brother, he responds, “Because Mommy says so and if I do I will get yelled at. “Michael’s level of moral development fits with which of Kohlberg’s stages?” | Preconventional Morality: Moral Development Theory |
| A nine years old hit his brother while playing a game, his brother started crying. His mom asked him why hitting his brother is wrong. “It is wrong because people aren’t supposed to hit other people.” which of Kohlberg’s stages of development? | Conventional Morality: Moral Development Theory |
| According to Erikson, what is the major conflict faced during adolescence? | Psychosocial Development: Identity vs. Role Confusion |
| What is the psychosocial crisis that arises in young adulthood? | Intimacy vs. Isolation Psychosocial Development |
| The ability to think abstractly and systematically solve problems emerge during the: | Concrete Operational Stage Cognitive Development Theory |
| In this stage, one can conceive of multiple logics, choices, or perceptions. | Post-formal Operational Stage Cognitive Development Theory |
| It is the fixation in the oral stage of development manifested by an obsession with stimulating the mouth. Answer: Oral Fixation | Psychosexual Development Theory |
| It is described as the final stage of human psychosexual development. According to Freud’s theories, this stage begins at puberty and constitutes mature adult sexuality. Answer: Genital Period | Psychosexual Development Theory |
| psychoanalytic theory and psychosexual development theory | Erik Erikson |
| Bronfenbrenner divided the person’s environment into five different systems: the microsystem, the mesosystem, the exosystem, the macrosystem, and the chronosystem. Called the | ecological systems theory |
| theory of natural selection | Charles Darwin |
| behaviorist who believed experiments needed to be performed to be a true science; white rat/Little Albert experiment | John Watson |
| development moves from the inside out, for example, the upper arm, lower arm, hand and then fingers. | Proximodistal |
| refers to the term used to describe extreme malnutrition. | Marasmus |
| is a type of nutrient deficiency that damages one neurological system and is the leading cause of death among infants | Kwashiorkor |
| is described as the way infants are able to create mental models that help them learn. | Schema |
| is understanding that objects are still there, even if they can't be seen. | Object Permanence |
| Perception is an infant's ability to understand the surrounding environment. | Intermodal |
| Perception is the ability to be able to imagine a single sense while using another. | Cross-modal |
| is an infant's way to seek interaction with specific individuals or objects. | Attachment |
| is known as the consistent disposition that reflects personal responses to other people and things. | Temperament |
| Children were fine playing until their mother left and were then comforted when their mother came back and resumed playing. | Securely attached |
| The children were comforted by the stranger and went back to playing; some then ignored their mother or approached with caution. | Insecurely attached and avoidant |
| Children had a hard time leaving their mother’s side and did not want to play with toys; they were upset when the stranger entered and when the mother left | Insecurely attached and resistant |
| Children would feed off their mother’s attitude (if the mother was upset when the stranger came in, the child was upset as well). | Social referencing |
| Most common Personality is shaped by reinforcement | Learning Theory |
| Created by Jean Freud Oral and anal stages | Psychoanalytic Theory |
| Created by Erik Erikson Trust vs. Mistrust | Psychosocial Theory |
| is used to define school-aged children who view the world from their own perspective, and not from others' perspectives. | Egocentric |
| is where children cannot handle mental operations of a complex nature. | Pre-operational stage |
| is when children have the ability to communicate using symbols. | Semiotic function |
| is when a child assumes that two objects that have similar qualities are identical. | Transducive reasoning |
| refers to children having the ability to focus on one object or tasks at a time, and being satisfied with the object or task. | Centration |
| Strict rules and punishments to reinforce the rules | Authoritarian |
| Very few rules and rare punishments | Permissive |
| Parents set limits and provide guidance | Authoritative |
| is shown when a child does not actively play, but stands and contemplates playing. | Unoccupied behavior |
| Psychosocial Domain focuses on | Personality, Emotion, Relationships, and Societal Influences |
| Biosocial Domain focuses on | Potential Development and Actual Development |
| Define Actual Development | How much a child actually grows and develops |
| Define Potential Development | The maximum a child could grow and develop in ideal conditions |
| Several Aspects to culture | Values, Attitude, customs and beliefs |
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Kittyluv413