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Nutrition Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is a major vitamin deficiency in the vegan/ vegetarian diet? | vitamin D |
| ethical vegan | avoids supporting businesses that contribute to animal suffering |
| dietary vegan | consider themselves plant based |
| religious vegan | every action that helps kill or harm another living thing is considered an act of violence and will produce negative karma |
| environmental vegan | want to minimize impact of environment from their lifestyle |
| raw vegan | believes eating raw food is the best way to get all needed nutrients |
| 5% of the US population is vegan and 3% of the US population is vegetarian. true or false? | both statements are false |
| what can a dental hygienist recommend to a vegan or vegetarian patient that has a high acidity level due to their diet? | chew sugarless gum after meals and recommend drinking a glass of water after every meal or snack to restore pH balance |
| what can vegans or vegetarians eat to help with vitamin B12 deficiency? | nutritional yeast |
| what hormone helps regulate appetite and satiety and is linked to increased rate of obesity in adolescents with Downs Syndrome? | leptin |
| what is eating various objects like gravel, cigarette butts, or pens known as? | pica |
| what is the condition called when an individual has a large tongue that can contribute to tongue thrusting, difficulty swallowing and may lead to open bite? | macroglossia |
| what risk is heightened when an individual is taking a medication that causes xerostomia? | caries risk |
| what foods are high in protein that would help an individual with muscular dystrophy minimize the muscular dystrophy? | beans, soy, seafood, lean meats, poultry, nuts, seeds |
| people with diabetes should eat whole fruits over drinking fruit juice because drinking juice will raise blood sugar more quickly. true or false | true |
| what is true about diabetes type 2? | obesity and a sedentary lifestyle are the most common cause |
| the best time to see a person with diabetes in late in the day. true or false | false |
| prediabetes is a health condition where there is a normal glucose intolerance. blood sugar levels are lower than normal but not enough yet to be diagnosed as type 2 diabetes. | both statements are false |
| in the diabetic context, ADA stands for | American Diabetes Association |
| carbohydrates consist of three categories including monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. true or false | true |
| why do pregnant women's bodies retain more protein? | body is always in a positive nitrogen balance |
| what do vitamins use for energy, growth, and cell maintenance? | proteins, fats, and carbohydrates |
| pregnant and lactating women should consume how much calcium a day? | 1000 to 1300 mg |
| physical activity during pregnancy helps maintain cardiorespiratory fitness. true or false | true |
| newborns typically eat 8-12 times per day. true or false | true |
| bedwetting is an example of vitamin deficiencies in infants and children. true or false | true |
| carbohydrate cannot cause what vitamin deficiency? | vitamin E deficiency |
| what is the cause of marasmus? | long-term protein and energy deficits |
| dietary patterns established during infancy and childhood tend to continue into adult years. true or false | true |
| type 2 diabetes is when your body does not produce any insulin at all. true or false | false |
| schools will offer free lunches for households of 4 and with an income of $___ | 36,075 |
| what stage of life requires most nutrients and energy? | adolescent |
| what percentage of adult skeletal mass is formed during the adolescent stage? | 45% |
| what is a food that would not be covered by the SNAP program? | cooked rotisserie chicken |
| what is not a common vitamin deficiency in women? | vitamin E |
| men are more prone to osteoporosis than women. true or false | false |
| what mineral deficiency is one of the most common causes of anemia in women? | iron |
| a low carbohydrate diet in women can cause an irregular menstrual cycle and amenorrhea. true or false | true |
| women's ___ levels can fluctuate after menopause and tend to increase with age, putting women at higher risk for heart disease and stroke | cholesterol |
| patients who are vitamin D deficient are at a greater risk of falling down. the impact of low bone density increases the risk of fractures. true or false statements? | both statements are true |
| what mineral plays an important role in calcium homeostasis? | magnesium |
| how many hours of exercise should men have per week? | 2.5 |
| what is the daily recommended dose of protein for men? | 6-7 ounces |
| 77.4% of men are receiving less than the RDA of what mineral? | magnesium |
| which of these is the most common nutritional disorder for older individuals? | obesity |
| what percentage of older adults take at least one prescription medication? | 88% |
| which type of caries are much more prevalent in older adults than in younger individuals? | root caries |
| which of these affects half of all over adults? | xerostomia |
| what is the traumatization and chronic inflammation of mucous membranes supporting a removable denture | dental stomatitis |
| you should avoid recommending iron fortified foods to a patient with hemochromatosis. true or false | true |
| which of the following is a genetic disorder that causes extremely elevated levels of LDL cholesterol | familial hypercholesterolemia |
| those with PKU should avoid foods with | protein and aspartame |
| in sickle cell anemia red blood cells are | c-shaped |
| vitamin K functions to | maintain blood clotting factors |
| all of the following are types of coronary artery disease (CAD) except one. which one is the exception | vascular |
| how is a high blood pressure diagnosis made? | several readings over a period of time that are above 140/90 |
| symptoms of high blood pressure include hot flashes and chest pain. anxiety, stress, and activity can elevate blood pressure. true/ false statements | the first statement is false, the second statement is true |
| what is the most common type of birth defect? | congenital heart disease |
| which strategies can be used to prevent cardiac conditions? | balanced diet, regular exercise, and managing stress level |
| how many people in the US are affected by GI disorders? | 60-70 million |
| what disease requires a gluten free diet? | celiac disease |
| what type of diet is recommended for a person with Crohn's Disease? | Mediterranean diet |
| what is not an autoimmune disease? | GERD |
| which GI condition is a result of a structural disorder? | Crohn's Disease |
| multiple sclerosis uses the body's immune system to attack what structure? | myelin sheath |
| which cranial nerve is affected in Bell's Palsy? | cranial nerve 7 - facial |
| which medication, used for patients with Parkinson's disease, is a competitive inhibitor for proteins | levodopa |
| fiber is an important nutrient for patients with neuromuscular conditions due to a high prevalence of which of the following? | constipation |
| which of the following neuromuscular diseases requires a higher than average caloric intake? | Huntington's Disease |
| what is not a type of major substance abuse? | tobacco |
| a stimulant drug can | elevate blood pressure |
| what is not an example of a hallocinogen | marijuana |
| nearly all Americans who drink alcohol binge drink. true or false | true |
| alcohol's effect on oral health does not include | increased salivary flow |
| which eating disorder is characterized by refusal of an individual to maintain body weight over the minimal normal weight for age and height, resulting in life-threatening weight loss? | anorexia nervosa |
| which sign or symptom would NOT be seen in a patient with Bulimia Nervosa | microglossia |
| which of the following would show the most obvious sign of bulimia related enamel erosion? | lingual aspect of maxillary incisors |
| which eating disorder is characterized as having a purging type and a non-purging type? | bulimia nervosa |
| all are treatment recommendations for eating disorders except | integrative or holistic therapy |
| what is the main purpose of eating nutritious foods? | allow body to function and decrease risk f disease or illness |
| every culture always has access to healthy food options. true or false | false |
| deep fried foods are healthy and full of nutrients. it is recommended to eat deep fried foods every day. true/ false statements | both statements are false |
| what is not an iron rich food? | sour-cream |
| symptoms of anemia do not include what? | slow heart rate |
| which monosaccharide is the most sweet? | fructose |
| carbohydrates are referred to as protein-derived because their most efficient function is conversion of protein to monosaccharide for utilization as an energy source. true/ false statements | both statements are false |
| as the frequency of fermentable carbohydrate intake increases, the pH of plaque decreases. a fermentable carbohydrate that can reduce salivary pH is less than 7.5 is considered cariogenic. true/ false statements | first is true, second is false |
| fruits and vegetables are a good source of soluble fiber. true/ false | true |
| which of the following snacks would be the best choice for a dental hygienist to recommend to reduce the risk of dental caries | cheese cubes |
| an ideal food to recommend to patients to increase their fiber intake include all of the following except what? | oatmeal cookies |
| which carbohydrate is the least cariogenic? | lactose |
| a patient would like to increase glycogen stores. which food could you suggest? | dried beans |
| which of the following provides the most fructose | fruits |
| sugar substitutes have beneficial ramifications for dental hygiene. t/f | true |
| consumption of caloric sweeteners is increasing faster than that of low-calorie sweeteners. t/f | false |
| milk contains the most significant level of carbohydrates of the animal derived foods. t/f | true |
| large reserves of glycogen are stored in the kidney and liver as adipose tissue. t/f | false |
| vegetables such as lettuce, celery, and broccoli have the potential to cause acid production or demineralization of enamel because they contain carbohydrates. t/f | false |
| dietary fiber is digested and absorbed in the stomach. t/f | false |
| marginal or deficient protein intake results in altered wound healing and a high active immune response. t/f | false |
| most americans are unable or unwilling to plan a balanced meal without a meat option. t/f | true |
| an edentulous patient dislikes eating meat. what substitutions could you suggest to provide the most protein intake | milk |
| a physiologic role of proteins is the repair of tissue. t/f | true |
| the elderly is susceptible to insufficient intake of protein. t/f | true |
| PEM represents protein energy malnutrition; nutritional deficiency condition caused by consistently consuming inadequate amounts of energy and protein. t/f | true |
| sarcopenia is a progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and function due to the aging process. t/f | true |
| this person's diet consists of foods from plants with the addition of eggs (no meat, poultry, fish, or dairy products). | ovovegetarian |
| what are the building blocks of protein? | amino acids |
| when you are counseling a patient with a high carbohydrate diet or low quality proteins because of limited income, what should you do? | educate on complementary proteins in meals and discuss less expensive sources of protein |
| essential amino acids are | cannot be synthesized by body and must be obtained from diet |
| __ is a structural protein that helps support teeth and bone | collagen |
| because protein is a relatively simple structure, its digestive breakdown into basic structural materials occurs easily. t/f | false |
| a high protein diet is hazardous to people with __ problems because they retain nitrogen | kidney |
| what is a protein complementation (complementary protein)? | incomplete when digested singly, but when combined provides sufficient amounts of all essential amino acids |
| the major role of cholesterol synthesis is the | liver |
| although the body produces some cholesterol, additional cholesterol is needed by dietary consumption. cholesterol has important functions as a constituent of brain, nervous tissue, and bile salts. t/f statements | first is false, second is true |
| which one of the following dietary fats is not usable in the body | lipoproteins |
| the main function of adipose tissue is to | cushion and protect organs |
| vegetable oil can be converted to a solid margarine by a process of | hydrogenation |
| patients who consume fats and a diet very high in proteins with strict carbohydrate restriction to cause ketosis would be expected to have __ smelling breath | fruity |
| which laboratory assessment would indicate a patient is at a high risk for heart disease | elevated LDL |
| if consumed in excess of energy needs, which of the following nutrients can be stored as fat in adipose tissue | simple carbs, complete carbs, fats, proteins |
| because of the media spotlight on omega 3 fatty acids, a patient asks how she can increase intake. what should the RDH suggest | fatty fish |
| what are the biggest food contributors of saturated fats consumed by americans | cheese, pizza, desserts, and chicken |
| each of the following is true of phospholipids except one. which one is the exception? | they are used for energy |
| excess dietary carbs and protein are converted to fat and stored in adipose tissue. t/f | true |
| lipids as a source of energy provide 4 cal/g. t/f | false |
| fats act like a lubricant in the intestines, decreasing constipation. t/f | true |
| although vitamins are synthesized during metabolic processes, they also must be obtained through external sources because vitamins cannot be produced in adequate amounts to meet body needs | statement and reason are correct and related |
| each of the following is a fat soluble vitamin except | vitamin C |
| each of the following is true of water soluble vitamins except | they have vital roles as enzymes |
| each of the following forms of vitamin A is involved in the prevention of night blindness except what | retinoic acid |
| during early tooth development, vitamin a deficiency leads to enamel hypoplasia and defective dentin formation. because of its effect on soft tissues and bone, vitamin A contributes to normal spacing of the teeth. t/f statements | both true |
| each of the following is true of vitamin D except what | diets low in fiber can result in less vitamin D absorption |
| alopecia, diplopia, and increased activity of osteoclasts are most associated with an excess of which vitamin | vitamin A |
| what is not true of vitamin K | vitamin K absorption increases with high levels of vitamin E supplementation |
| each of the following oral structures is lined with keratinized mucosa except which one? | floor of the mouth |
| the loss of which papilla types is most likely to result in loss of taste buds and change in taste acuity | foliate and fungiform |
| fungiform papillae are pale pink because they are covered in keratinized mucosa and have a rich blood supply | statement is not correct but reason is correct |
| which of the following meats is an exceptionally good source of thiamin | pork |
| the most common vitamin deficiency among the B complex vitamin is usually due to a low intake of | foliate |
| which condition is least likely to be caused by a deficiency of riboflavin | bilateral cheilosis |
| vitamin E not only prevents inflammation of the periodontium, it also promotes integrity of mucosal cell membranes. a deficiency of vitamin E is associated with parotid gland enlargement. t/f statements | first is true, second is false |
| the serum calcium to phosphorous ratio is an inverse relationship. if calcium increases, phosphorus will increase to match level. t/f statements | first is true, second is false |
| the crystalline structure of enamel makes it | insoluble and resistant |
| each of the following is true of collagen as it relates to bone mineralization and growth except one. what is untrue | collagen is inorganic |
| each of the following is true of phosphorous except one. what is untrue | phosphorous is mainly found in muscles and bone |
| consumption of soft drinks is often recommended to increase serum phosphorous levels. hyperphosphatemia can be a risk factor for cardiac disease. t/f statements | first is false, second is true |
| what is not true of fluoride | nutrient essential for health |
| bones and teeth contain what percent of the body's calcium | 99% |
| minerals can be destroyed during cooking. t/f | false |
| minerals can be made within body. t/f | false |
| phylates and oxylates bind with minerals to enhance their absorption. t/f | false |
| which mineral is the most abundant in the body | calcium |
| magnesium plays a major role in BP regulation. the strongest benefit occurs when magnesium is obtained from supplements. t/f statements | first is true, second is false |
| what is not a physiological role of water | regulates temperature by pooling as perspiration on skin |
| equalization of solute concentration of ICFs and ECFs is accomplished by | osmotic pressure |
| during heat exhaustion, a sodium deficit results in hyponatremia. early symptoms include nausea, abdominal cramps, headache, hyperactivity, and excessive talking. t/f statements | first is true, second is false |
Created by:
dh_girly