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Spanish Lit Terms

TermDefinition
vocales vowels
llana describes words in which the stressed syllable is the second to last
aguda describes words in which the stressed syllable is the last
esdrújulas describes words in which the stressed syllable is the third to last
endecasílabo eleven syllables per line
alejandrino fourteen syllables per line
prosopopeya personification
arte mayor verses with more than eight syllables
carpe diem life is short and should be appreciated
estrofa stanza
hamartia tragic flaw: weakness of a tragic hero that leads him to catastrophe
hipérbaton hyperbaton: alteration to the typical order of words in a sentence
imagen image: literal or figurative representation of an object or sensory experience
in media res beginning in the middle of the action rather than before
metáfora metaphor: a comparison between objects in which one object is typically symbolic of another
metonimia metonymy: substitution of a word for the idea meant
onomatopeya onomatopoeia: use of words to imitate a sound
paradoja paradox: union of apparently irreconcilable ideas
pareado couplet: stanza of two lines
parodia parody: exaggerated imitation of something for comic effect
prefiguración foreshadowing: indication of events to come
realismo mágico magical realism: magical elements in a realistic setting
rima asonante assonance: type of rhyme in which only the vowels rhyme
rima consonante consonance: rhyme in which the last sounds rhyme
simbolo symbol: use of a concrete object to represent an abstract idea
símil simile: comparison between two objects using like or as
sinécdoque synecdoche: substituting the name of an object for another related object
soneto sonnet: poetic composition of fourteen lines
tema theme
tono tone: attitude of the author towards the material
alegoría allegory: story interpreted to reveal a deeper meaning
copla couplet: two lines of verse joined into one unit
figuras retóricas rhetorical figure: language device used by a writer to prompt the reader to consider the meaning from a different perspective
hemistiquio hemistich: half a line of verse preceded or followed by a caesura
justicia poética poetic justice: device in which a character is punished or rewarded based on their actions
metro meter: rhythmic structure of verse
retruécano pun: play on words involving words that sound similar or a word with multiple meanings
octava octave: verse consisting of eight lines
polifonía polyphony: aspect of narrative involving multiple perspectives
oda ode: lyric poem addressing a particular subject
polisíndeton polysyndeton: repetition of conjunctions
pregunta retórica rhetorical question: question posed for effect and not intended to be answered
ritmo rhythm: pattern of language
serventesio stanza of four verses of more than eight syllables with consonance; usually with a rhyme scheme ABAB
apología eulogy: speech in defense or praise of a person or ideology
caricatura caricature: work that ridicules the example it is about
cromatismo the use of a set or range of colors to represent ideas or emotions
desdoblamiento formation of two or more things through the separation of components that tend to be together; such as the manifestation of two or more personalities
leitmotiv leading motif: repetition of a word
metaficción metafiction: fiction in which the author breaks the illusion of reality in a work by referring to the artificiality of the work
sátira satire: a literary work whose purpose is to ridicule the subject
narrativa epistolar epistolary novel: a work in the form of written letters from one or multiple characters
narrador fidedigno reliable narrator: narrator whose understanding of the characters or the actions in the story accredit it to tell the facts
narrador no fidedigno unreliable narrator: narrator who misinterprets the motives or action of the characters or who does no perceive the connections between the facts of the story; creating a discrepancy between the author and the narrator because the narrator is offering inc
narrador testigo witness: narrator who does not participate in the action of the story but relates the facts in first person and makes commentary
narratario the person at whom the narrator directs the text
parábola parable: a short educational story whose action is applicable to another situation
diéresis diaeresis: pronunciation of vowels in a diphthong in separate syllables
hiato hiatus: separation of a sinalefa
verso blanco blank verse: verse that does not have any kind of rhyme with any other verse
verso libre free verse: verso that does not have any rhyme or metric pattern
polimetría polymetria: use of distinct metric forms in a single poem
silva silva meter: combines verses of seven and eleven syllables
anagnórisis anagnorisis: moment at which a character makes an important discovery or understands something about himself
catarsis catharsis: feeling of purification or liberation prompted by some experience
falla trágica tragic flaw: fatal error of the protagonist in a work that causes an irreparable harm
pathos in a Greek tragedy: the affection that inclines the audience towards the tragic character
tres unidades theatrical rule that there is only one principal action; that the action does not last more than one day; and that all of the action takes place in the same place
cacofonía cacophony: use of words that combine unpleasant sounds
sinestesia synthesthesia: description of a sensation or image by means of sensations perceived by the five senses
conceptismo conceptism: literary movement associated with the Spanish baroque period that is characterized by the use of word play
culteranismo Gongorism: Spanish literary style from the end of the 16th century and the 17th century; characterized by the excessive wealth of surprising metaphors; the exaggerated use of jargon
diptongo diphthong: the combination of a strong vowel (a o e) with a weak vowel (i u)
sinéresis two strong vowels in the same syllable
sinalefa blending two successive vowels into one syllable
tetrasílabo four syllables per line
hexasílabo six syllables per line
heptasílabo seven syllables per line
octosílabo eight syllables per line
eneasílabo nine syllables per line
decasílabo ten syllables per line
dodecasílabo twelve syllables per line
hipérbole hyperbole: exaggeration
aliteración alliteration: repetition of the same sound or group of sounds
anáfora anaphora: repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of two or more verses or sentences
antítesis antithesis: expression of contradictory ideas in similar phrases
aparte aside: technical theater term to communicate to the audience certain things that the other characters should not know
apóstrofe apostrophe: a passage addressing a person or thing as if it could respond
arquetipo archetype: a typical example or symbol of something
arte menor verses with eight syllables or less
asíndeton asyndeton: omission of a conjunction between parts of a sentence
cesura caesura: a pause in the middle of a line
clímax climax: most intense point of action in the plot
elipsis ellipsis: omission of elements of a sentence
encabalgamiento enjambment: continuation of a thought from one verse to the next
epopeya epic poetry: poetry in an elevated style describing a historic or legendary hero
epíteto epithet: addition of adjectives that are not necessary; but emphasize a certain characteristic of a thing
estribillo refrain: line or lines that are repeated throughout a poem
estructura structure: the framework of a literary work
exposición exposition: the beginning of a work in which the characters and premise are introduced
Created by: IsANerd
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