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The SC,SN,SR
Spinal
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In the spinal cord, white matter is separated into ascending and descending tracts organized as | Colums |
| Enlargements of the spinal cord occur | in those spinal segments that control the limbs |
| The ________ is a strand of fibrous tissue that provides longitudinal support as a component of the coccygeal ligament | filum terminale |
| The spinal cord consists of five regions and________ segments | 31 |
| The spinal cord continues to elongate until about age | 4 years. |
| The specialized membranes that surround the spinal cord are termed the | spinal meninges |
| Blood vessels that supply the spinal cord run along the surface of the | pia mater |
| The outward projections from the central gray matter of the spinal cord are called | horns |
| Axons crossing from one side of the spinal cord to the other within the gray matter are found in the | gray commissures |
| The white matter of the spinal cord contains. | bundles of axons with common origins, destinations, and functions. |
| The outermost connective-tissue covering of nerves is the | epineurium |
| The dorsal root ganglia mainly contaid | cell bodies of sensory neurons |
| The dorsal root of a spinal nerve contains | axons of sensory neurons |
| The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains | axons of motor neurons. |
| Spinal nerves are | both sensory and motor |
| A dorsal and ventral root of each spinal segment unite to form a | spinal nerve |
| The preganglionic fibers that connect a spinal nerve with an autonomic ganglion in the thoracic and lumbar region of the spinal cord form the | white rami communicantes |
| The postganglionic fibers that connect an autonomic ganglion in the thoracic or lumbar region with the spinal nerve are | gray rami communicantes |
| Postganglionic fibers of the autonomic nervous system that innervate internal organs do not rejoin the spinal nerve but form | autonomic nerves |
| Which of the following associations is incorrect | 11 thoracic spinal nerves |
| The ________ of each spinal nerve innervates the skin and muscles of the back. | dorsal ramus |
| Muscles of the neck and shoulder are innervated by spinal nerves from the ________ region | cervical |
| Spinal nerves from the sacral region of the cord innervate the ________ muscles | leg |
| The ________ innervates the ventrolateral body surface, structures in the body wall, and the limbs. | ventral ramus |
| The complex, interwoven network formed by contributions from the ventral rami of neighboring spinal nerves is termed a(n | Plexus |
| Each of the following nerves originates in the lumbar plexus, except the ________ nerve. | sciatic |
| The ________ nerve, which arises in the cervical plexus, innervates the diaphragm | phrenic |
| The ventral rami of spinal nerves C5 to T1 contribute fibers to the ________ plexus | brachial |
| In which plexus does the ulnar nerve arise? | brachial |
| All of the following are true of neural reflexes, except that they | cannot be modified by the brain |
| Reflexes can be classified according to all of the following, except | whether they are sensory or motor |
| Reflexes based on synapses formed during development are ________ reflexes | innate |
| The stretch reflex | both B and D |
| All of the following are true of muscle spindles, except that they | are found in tendons |
| The reflex that prevents a muscle from exerting too much tension is the ________ reflex | tendon |
| The flexor reflex | moves a limb away from a painful stimulus |
| The ________ reflex complements the flexor reflex by activating contralateral muscles | crossed extensor |
| Spinal interneurons inhibit antagonist motor neurons in a process called | reciprocal inhibition |
| All of the following are true of polysynaptic reflexes, except that the | are arranged according to dermatomes |
| Recognized neuronal circuit patterns include all of the following, except | multipolar |
| The tough, fibrous, outermost covering of the spinal cord is the | dura mater |
| The white matter of the spinal cord is mainly | myelinated axons |
| The layer of connective tissue that surrounds a fascicle within a peripheral nerve is the | perineurium |
| Compared to the vertebral column, the spinal cord is | shorter |
| After age ________ the vertebral column continues to elongate, but the spinal cord itself does not | 4 |
| In meningitis | All |
| Which of the following is true regarding an epidural block? | All |
| Somatic motor neurons in the spinal cord control all of the following muscles, except those that | move the neck |
| The layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual axons within a peripheral nerve is termed the | endoneurium |
| Which of the following is not true about a positive Babinski reflex? | why you close your eyes when you sneeze |
| In the condition ________, a virus infects dorsal root ganglia, causing a painful rash whose distribution corresponds to that of the affected sensory nerves as seen in their dermatomes. | shingles |
| Each peripheral nerve provides ________ innervation to peripheral structures | motor OR and sensory |
| The ventral rami form four major plexuses, including all of the following, except the ________ plexus | nuchal |
| If a person has a crush injury to the C3-C5 spinal segments, you would expect that he | might be unable to breathe on his own |
| As the ________ nerve approaches the knee, it divides into two branches, the fibular nerve and the tibial nerve | sciatic |
| The obturator nerve is distributed to the | adductors of the hip |
| A viral disease that destroys the cells of the anterior gray horn will | lead to muscle weakness or paralysis. |
| Cerebrospinal fluid flows within the | subarachnoid space |
| The epidural space contains | connective tissue and blood vessel |
| The subdural space lies between | the dura mater and the arachnoid mater |
| The layer of the meninges in direct contact with the spinal cord is the | pia mater |
| The gray horns of the spinal cord contain mainly | nerve cell bodies. |
| The posterior horns of the spinal cord contain mainly | sensory nuclei |
| The anterior horns of the spinal cord contain mainly | somatic motor nuclei |
| Nerve tracts or fasciculi make up the | anterior white columns |
| If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve is severed | sensory input would be blocked. |
| Samples of CSF for diagnostic purposes are normally obtained by placing the tip of a needle in the | subarachnoid space |
| In which of the following would the delay between stimulus and response be greater? | a polysynaptic reflex |
| In an adult, the conus medullaris is found at about | L1 |
| Bill contracts a viral disease that destroys cells in the posterior gray horns in his spinal cord. As a result, which of the following would you expect? | loss of sensation in his torso |
| Mary is in an automobile accident and suffers a spinal cord injury. She has lost feeling in her lower body. Her doctor tells her that swelling is compressing a portion of her spinal cord. Which part of her cord is likely to be compressed | ascending tracts |
| The brachial plexus gives rise to all of the following nerves, except the | phrenic |
| Tina falls while climbing a tree and lands on her back. Her frightened parents take her to the emergency room, where she is examined. Her knee-jerk reflex is normal and she exhibits a plantar reflex (negative Babinski reflex). These results suggest that | Tina suffered no damage to her spinal cord |
Created by:
y2420