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chap 10A& P
chap 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The master regulatory system that sends and receives information is the___ system | nervous |
| The two main divisions of the nervous system are the____ nervous system & _____ nervous system | central & peripheral nervous system |
| Which organs make up the peripheral nervous system? | Cranial nerves, Spinal nerves |
| What is a function of the nervous system? | Coordinate all other body functions |
| Which division of the nervous system is comprised of the brain and the spinal cord? | Central nervous system |
| Neurons include cell bodies and cell processes called______ and _____ | dendrites & axon |
| The flow of information in the nervous system involves which three components? | Sensory receptors, Effectors for motor output, Brain and spinal cord |
| What division of the nervous system consists of cranial and spinal nerves? | Peripheral nervous system |
| Dendrites are branches off of the ______ that function to ______. | neuron cell body; receive incoming signals |
| Within a neuron, the______are highly branched cellular processes that carry signals toward the cell body of the neuron. | dendrites |
| On the neuron cell body, the region called the axon hillock is the origin of what structure? | axon |
| A neuron has only one_____but can have many | axon & dendrites |
| Neurons have processes called_______that receive signals from other neurons. | dendrites |
| Name the specialized endings found at the end of an axon. | axon terminals |
| Where is a synaptic cleft located? | between a synaptic knob and another cell |
| What is the name for bundles of axons found within the peripheral nervous system? | nerves |
| Structures called tracts are bundles of axons occurring within the ______ nervous system. | central |
| The end of an axon may have many fine extensions, each with a specialized ending called an axon | terminal |
| The space between the synaptic knob of one neuron and the receptive surface of another is called the ______. | synaptic cleft |
| What is the source of myelin, found around large axons of the peripheral nervous system? | Schwann cell membranes tightly wound around axons. |
| Within the central nervous system, axons bundled together are called ______. | tracts |
| The gaps between segments of myelin along an axon are called | nodes of ranvier |
| Within the brain and spinal cord, myelinated axons provide the color for________ matter | white |
| The cells that are responsible for wrapping around axons, creating myelin sheaths in the PNS, are ______. | Schwann cells |
| A node of Ranvier is a narrow gap between which two structures? | two Schwann cells |
| Which is the correct order for transmission of a nerve impulse from a receptor to an effector? | Sensory receptor→Sensory neuron→Interneuron→Motor neuron→Muscle cell |
| In which branch of the nervous system do the Schwann cells wrap around axons creating myelin sheaths? | peripheral nervous system |
| Which type of neuron conducts impulses from peripheral body parts into the brain or spinal cord? | sensory neuron |
| Within the peripheral nervous system, bundles of axons wrapped in connective tissue form structures called | nerves |
| Neurons carrying nerve impulses toward the CNS are_____neurons while neurons carrying nerve impulses from the CNS to the periphery are _____ neurons | sensory & motor neurons |
| Sensory neurons conduct impulses in which direction? | from the peripheral body parts to the brain and spinal cord |
| Which cells lie entirely within the brain or spinal cord and form links between other neurons in the central nervous system? | interneurons |
| Some neuroglial cells produce the components of the electrical insulator called ______. | myelin |
| Neurons that are functionally classified as_____(neurons) are those that form links between other neurons within the CNS. | interneurons |
| Indicate three general functions of neuroglia. | Carry out phagocytosis, Provide structural support of neurons, Produce components of myelin. |
| Indicate the four types of neuroglia (glial cells) in the central nervous system. | microglia, astrocytes, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes |
| Identify three functions of neuroglial cells. | produce growth factors for neurons, guide neurons into position during embryogenesis, Remove excess ions and neurotransmitters from areas surrounding neurons. |
| Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells are types of ______ found in the ______. | neuroglia; CNS |
| Name the type of neuroglia that provides insulating layers of myelin (myelin sheath) in the brain and spinal cord. | oligodendrocytes |
| Schwann cells and satellite cells are types of ______ found in the ______ nervous system. | neuroglia; peripheral |
| The water molecule shows ______ because it has negatively-charged regions in the vicinity of the oxygen atom and positively-charged regions near the hydrogen atoms. | polarity |
| A charge inside of a cell, indicating that there is the possibility that charges will move across the cell membrane, is called ______. | membrane potential |
| Oligodendrocytes form ______ in the central nervous system. | myelin sheaths |
| The two types of neuroglia that are found in the PNS are_____ cells and _____ cells | Schwann & satellite |
| The neuroglial cell that produces myelin to surround neurons in the peripheral nervous system is the___ cells | Schwann |
| Which type of neuroglia produces the myelin in the peripheral nervous system? | Schwann cells |
| What does it mean that neurons are excitable? | Local potential changes occur in the membrane due to changes in the surrounding area. |
| When depolarization occurs, the resting membrane potential becomes ______ negative and ______ 0mV. | less; closer to |
| An______ period is a brief time following a nerve impulse when the membrane is unresponsive to an ordinary stimulus. | refractory |
| As an action potential occurs in one area of the axon, an electrical current to neighboring areas of the membrane initiates ______. | another action potential |
| Since neurons can respond to changes in their surroundings, they are described as | excitable |
| A cell membrane is ______ if its membrane potential becomes less negative (more positive) than the resting potential. | depolarized |
| What will trigger the opening of chemically gated ion channels? | binding of neurotransmitter molecules |
| As an action potential occurs in one area of the axon, it causes nearby ______ channels to open, initiating another action potential in the neighboring membrane. | voltage-gated |
| A junction between two neurons is called a ______. | synapse |
| Ion channels that respond to neurotransmitter molecules are described as_____ gated | chemically |
| An excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) occurs when neurotransmitters bind to their receptors and open chemically-gated ______ channels. | sodium |
| The neurotransmitter ______ stimulates muscle contractions. | acetylcholine |
| Where are neurotransmitters stored? | in synaptic vesicles |
| What determines the action of a neurotransmitter? | type of receptor it binds to |
| What is the effect of a neuromodulator? | alters the response of the neuron to a neurotransmitter |
| What are neuronal pools? | groups of neurons in the CNS with a common function |
| What is synthesized in the cytoplasm of the synaptic knob and stored in synaptic vesicles? | neurotransmitters |
| The action of a ______depends on the receptors at a particular synapse. | neurotransmitters |
| A molecule acting as a(n) _______will alter the release of neurotransmitters or alter the response of the postsynaptic neuron to the neurotransmitter. | neuromodulator |
| Once synthesized, neurotransmitters are stored in membrane-bound structures called____ | vesicles |
| When one neuron synapses with several other neurons, this is a ______ circuit | diverging |
| Convergence of neurons allows which function to occur in the brain? | Allows neurons to collect and process impulses from different sources. |
| True or false: The effect that a neurotransmitter has on a cell is dependent upon the receptors that it binds to at the synapse. | T |
| What is the function of divergent neuronal circuits in the nervous system? | To amplify impulses. |
Created by:
Thuythi15