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Brain
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of these is not one of the main divisions of the adult brain? | prosencephalon |
| Which of the following lies between the cerebrum and the brain stem? | diencephalon |
| The floor of the diencephalon is formed by the | hypothalamus |
| The cerebellum and pons develop from the | metencephalon |
| Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the | thalamus |
| The tracts that connect the cerebellum to the brain stem are located in the | pons |
| Autonomic centers that control blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion are located in the | medulla oblongata |
| A neural cortex is found on the surface of the | cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum |
| The ________ provides the principal link between the nervous and endocrine systems | hypothalamus |
| The thin partition that separates the first and second ventricles is the | septum pellucidum |
| Each lateral ventricle communicates with the third ventricle through a(n) | interventricular foramen |
| The third and fourth ventricles are linked by a slender canal designated as the | mesencephalic aqueduct |
| The ventricle associated with the pons and upper medulla is the | fourth |
| The dural sinuses are located in the | dural folds |
| What structure is covered by many blood vessels and adheres tightly to the surface of the brain? | pia mater |
| The dural fold that projects into the longitudinal fissure between cerebral hemispheres is called the | falx cerebri |
| What contains a spiderweblike network of cells and fibers through which cerebrospinal fluid flows? | subarachnoid space |
| Which of the following is not a function of cerebrospinal fluid? | provides ATP for impulse transmission |
| Cerebrospinal fluid | is secreted by ependymal cells |
| Absorption at the arachnoid granulations returns CSF to the | venous circulation |
| Cerebrospinal fluid enters the subarachnoid space through the | lateral and median apertures. |
| Cerebrospinal fluid enters the blood circulation at the | superior sagittal sinus |
| Which of the following is a property of the blood-brain barrier? | all of the above |
| The nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus | both A and B |
| The pons contains | A) sensory and motor nuclei for four cranial nerves. B) nuclei concerned with the control of respiration. C) tracts that link the cerebellum with the brain stem |
| Overseeing the postural muscles of the body and making rapid adjustments to maintain balance and equilibrium are functions of the | cerebellum |
| The cerebellar hemispheres are separated by a band of cortex called the | vermis |
| The white matter of the cerebellum forms the | arbor vitae |
| The tract that links the cerebellum with the pons is the | middle cerebellar peduncle |
| The medulla oblongata relays auditory information to the | inferior colliculi |
| The regions of the mesencephalon that issue subconscious motor commands that affect upper limb position and background muscle tone are the | red nuclei |
| Nerve fiber bundles on the ventrolateral surface of the mesencephalon are the | cerebral peduncles |
| Which of the following is a property of the mamillary bodies? | all of the above |
| Stimulation of the reticular formation results in | increased consciousness |
| Which of the following is a function of the thalamus | process sensory information and relay it to the cerebrum |
| Which of the following is (are) true of the epithalamus? | A) contains the choroid plexus and pineal gland B) forms the roof of the diencephalon E A and B |
| The anterior nuclei of the thalamus | are part of the limbic system |
| The medial nuclei of the thalamus | connect emotional centers in the hypothalamus with the frontal lobe |
| The ventral nuclei of the thalamus | A) receive input from basal ganglia. B) receive input from cerebellum. C) receive general sensory input |
| The posterior nuclei of the thalamus include the | A) pulvinar. B) lateral geniculate. C) medial geniculate |
| The optic tracts carry visual information from the retina to the | lateral geniculates |
| The ________ relay auditory information to the auditory cortex | medial geniculates |
| The ________ integrate(s) sensory information for projection to the cerebral cortex | pulvinar |
| Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus? | all |
| The mamillary bodies of the hypothalamus | control feeding reflexes |
| The tectum of the mesencephalon contains the | superior and inferior colliculi |
| The ________ receive visual input from the lateral geniculates | superior colliculi |
| Which of the following is not a component of the limbic system? | globus pallidus |
| Which of the following is not a property of the limbic system | functions in maintaining homeostasis in cold weather |
| The ________ is important in storage and recall of new long-term memories | hippocampus |
| A tract of white matter that connects the hippocampus with the hypothalamus is the | fornix |
| The two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the | longitudinal fissure |
| Divisions of the cerebral hemispheres that are named after the overlying skull bones are | lobes |
| The cerebral area posterior to the central sulcus is the | parietal lobe |
| The superior border of the temporal lobe is marked by the | lateral sulcus |
| The region of the cerebral cortex superior to the lateral sulcus is the | parietal lobe frontal lobe A and C |
| The region of the cerebral cortex that is medial and deep to the temporal lobe is the | insula |
| The primary motor cortex is the surface of the | precentral gyrus |
| The surface of the postcentral gyrus contains the ________ cortex | primary sensory |
| The visual cortex is located in the | occipital lobe |
| The auditory cortex is located in the | temporal lobe |
| Cortical regions that interpret sensory information or coordinate motor responses are called ________ areas | association |
| The region of the brain responsible for predicting the consequence of events or actions is the | prefrontal cerebral cortex |
| The sense of taste projects to the gustatory cortex located in the ________ and ________ | precentral gyrus; prefrontal cortex. |
| The corpus callosum is composed of | commissural fibers |
| The internal capsule of the cerebrum is composed of | projection fibers |
| Within each hemisphere, deep to the floor of the lateral ventricle, you will find the | basal nuclei |
| Which of the following is not one of the basal nuclei? | hippocampus |
| The ________ is located at the tip of the tail of the caudate nucleus | amygdaloid body |
| The putamen and globus pallidus are frequently considered to be subdivisions of the | lentiform nucleus. |
| The cardiovascular reflexes are based in the | medulla oblongata |
| The highest levels of information processing occur in the | cerebrum |
| Higher-order functions | all |
| The basal nuclei | provide the general pattern and rhythm for movements such as walking |
| The adult human brain contains almost ________ of the bodyes neural tissue | 97 percent |
| Male brains are typically ________ compared to female brains | Larger |
| The medulla oblongata regulates | blood pressure and respiration |
| The ________ filters and relays sensory information to cerebral cortex | thalamus |
| During embryonic development, which of the following secondary brain vesicles will form the cerebrum? | telencephalon |
| Specialized ________ cells form the secretory component of the choroid plexus. | ependymal |
| As you ascend from the medulla oblongata to the cerebrum, the functions of each successive level become | more complex and less crucial to visceral functions |
| Which of the following help to protect the brain? | all of the above |
| Ependymal cells work to | all |
| As CSF circulates, ________ between it and the interstitial fluid of the CNS is unrestricted between and across the ependyma | diffusion |
| The cells that cover the outer surfaces of CNS endothelial cells are the | astrocytes |
| Which antibiotic enters the CNS without difficulty because it easily crosses the blood-brain barrier? | sulfadiazine |
| The respiratory rhythmicity center is located in | the medulla oblongata |
| The cerebellum can be permanently damaged by stroke or temporarily affected by drugs or alcohol. The resulting disturbance in motor control is known as | ataxia |
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y2420