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Photosynthesis takes carbon dioxide, water, and uses sunlight to fix energy as carbohydrates and give off oxygen. What is the name of the opposite process, which takes oxygen and carbohydrates, releases energy, and emits carbon dioxide?
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Dinoflagellates are a type of _______ that is associated with ________.
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Oceanography quiz 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Photosynthesis takes carbon dioxide, water, and uses sunlight to fix energy as carbohydrates and give off oxygen. What is the name of the opposite process, which takes oxygen and carbohydrates, releases energy, and emits carbon dioxide? | respiration |
| Dinoflagellates are a type of _______ that is associated with ________. | phytoplankton, harmful algal blooms |
| In marine food webs, individual members of a feeding population are generally ______ in size and _____ numerous than their prey. | larger, less |
| What three nutrient elements are the basis for the major biogeochemical cycling in the ocean? | carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus |
| In middle-latitude waters, nutrients ______ during the spring because ______. | decrease; they are getting used up by phytoplankton |
| Which of the following kingdom of organisms lack a cell nucleus? | monera |
| Which type of marine organism comprises the greatest marine biomass? | plankton |
| Which of the following regions typically shows high biologic productivity? | upwelling zones near continents |
| Why do the majority of the ocean's organisms live within the ocean's surface waters? | Phytoplankton need to be in the sunlit zone, and they are the base of the entire food web |
| All of the following adult-stage organisms are considered benthos, except ______? | jellyfish |
| Only 13% of Earth's species live in the ocean. Which is the most logical explanation of why there are so few marine species? | The relatively uniform conditions of the open ocean create an easier life for marine organisms than terrestrial organisms. |
| Organisms that can tolerate only a narrow range of salinity are called ______. | stenohaline |
| Why is primary productivity high in waters over the continental shelves? | river water carry nutrients to the sea at the continental margin |
| Why are most fish and marine mammals streamlined in shape? | This shape minimizes drag as they move through the water |
| Which ecosystem produces the largest percentage of the world's marine fishery? | non-tropical continental shelves |
| Organisms that are plankton in their juvenile stage, but are considered nekton or benthos in their adult stage are called ______. | meroplankton |
| It might seem a bit unusual that the richest concentration of marine life is (1) at the very margins of the oceans, where conditions are the least stable; and (2) in colder water, which seems less conducive to sustaining life. What factor(s) provide an ex | Cold water holds more dissolved carbon dioxide than warm water, and nutrient availability is greater in the margins of the oceans. |
| Which of the following is not usually an environmental factor for marine life, but is more of a problem in the terrestrial environment? | limited moisture |
| Which of the following limits photosynthesis in tropical waters? | availability of nutrients |
| Which of the following pairs correctly links a descriptor with the way that the organism lives in the ocean? | nekton-swimmer |
| Except for Trophic Level 1, on average about _____% of the mass that is taken in at one trophic level is passed on to the next. | 10 |
| The deep waters of the ocean, where no light penetrates from the surface, are called the ______________? | aphotic zone |
| Comparing the marine and terrestrial environment, which of the following is NOT true? | temperatures are more extreme in the ocean |
| The oxygen minimum layer (OML) or zone is ______. | Is a zone of low dissolved oxygen concentration. |
| The figure below shows primary productivity patterns for three different climate regions of the Earth. Which curve is the one that represents tropical areas? | C |
| All of the following adult-stage organisms are considered nekton, except ______? | jellyfish |
| Based on a working definition of life, which of the following is not a characteristic of living organisms? | Living organisms must be large enough to be seen with the naked eye. |
| In middle-latitude waters, productivity of marine algae______ during the spring because ______. | increases, the amount of sunlight is increasing |
| Kelp belongs to which of the following type of organism? | macroalgae |
| What kind of organism is an “autotroph”? | it makes its own food via photosynthesis |
| Meroplankton are organisms that are planktonic for part of their lives. Many meroplankton are larvae or juveniles of animals that become benthic as they grow up. Why is this a good life strategy? | planktonic larvae and juveniles can spread to different locations, increasing the odds of species' survival |
| A fishery’s maximum sustainable yield (MSY) is defined as ______? | The maximum fishery biomass that can be removed yearly and still be sustained by the fishery ecosystem |
| Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is true? | Water and carbon dioxide are converted to sugar and oxygen gas. |
| Dead and decaying organic matter, including waste products, is called ______? | detritus |
| Why are there fewer numbers of organisms at higher trophic levels? | there is more energy to create biomass at lower trophic levels |
| What percentage of marine species are “pelagic”, i.e., they live in the water column? | 2% |
| Why do many tropical zooplankton, like copepods, have appendages with ornate plumage while their polar cousins are not so ornate? | to create friction and keep from sinking because tropical water is less viscous |
| In relatively clear ocean water, about how deep is the photic zone (the zone where light penetrates from the surface in sufficient amounts for photosynthesis to occur)? | 100 m |
| Of the following ocean locations, where would nutrient concentrations be highest? | near continents |
| Chlorophyll is _____ in color; a group of organisms that contain chlorophyll is called _____. | green, phytoplankton |
| What percentage of marine species live on or in the ocean floor (are classified as benthic)? | 98% |
| What is the ultimate source of energy for food chains and webs? | sunlight (photosynthesis) |
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Sarahk7