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APES Unit 6
~test 4/25
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Renewable | Can be replenished naturally at/near the rate of consumption of use |
| Nonrenewable | Can't be replenished b/c the resource exist in fixed amounts (fossils fuels, coal, oil, natural gas, petroleum) |
| Depletable Resource | can be run out if overused (lumber, charcoal) |
| Nondepletable Resource | don't run out (solar, wind, geothermal) |
| Using Renewable Resources | rate of consumption: how quickly utltize energy at or below regeneration rate Fossil fuels: rate of consumption>regeneration rate |
| Crude Oil | decaying organic matter compressed over time into oil - recovery from tar sands( thick, sticky, semi-solid) -drilled by pumping out through well under pressure -expensive -incr. h20, incr. energy |
| Crude Oil: Separation and Uses | Separated by fractional distillation before use -separated based on boiling points |
| Products | - petroleum gas - gasoline: cars -jet fuel and diesel -motor oil -naphtic: plastic |
| Fossil Fuels; energy resource | coal: 100-150 years (US, Russia, China, Australia) natural gas: Russia, Qatar, SA, US oil: ~50 years (Venz.SA, Iran, Crotia, Iraq) |
| Fracking | natural gas from shale rock - gas trapped in semipermeable rock: created w/ H20 pressure - increases + extends supply/resource of natural gas - hydrolic fracking |
| Discovery of natural gas | economic opportunity, short-term profit that drives extraction |
| Tar Sands | bitumen (crude oil) extends and increases resouce of crude oil - Alberta, Canada: largest tar sand oil reserve |
| Fossil Fuel: Combustion | CxHy+O2(g):H20(g)+CO2(g) |
| Sources of electricity production | 1. coal 2. natural gas - regardless of source, process is the same - heat: H20: steam:turbine:generator:electricity |
| Environmental Consequences | Coal: mining destroys habitats, burns pollutants (soot and ash: resp. problems) - also releases SOx and NOx -irritate respiratory treats -contribute to smog and acid rain -climate change |
| Ground Water | typically contains lead and mercury, arsenic, landfill |
| Generating Electricity Coal | N 30% efficient |
| Nuclear Energy | Nuclear fussion and biodiversity - fussion: breaks atom's nucleus, radioactive nuclei will always break down eventually |
| Radio-Active | 1/2 life amount of time it takes for 1/2 of a sample to breakdown 100:50:25:12.5:6.25 |
| Uranium | unstable nuclei, neutrons bombard nucleus: fission, releases lots of energy -Free neutron gets released: break other nuclei: chain reaction |
| Generating Electricity | - heat: H20:steam:turbines:generator -control rods: lowered into reactor core |
| Nuclear Energy- fission | Fission Uranium heat:H20:steam:turbine:generator - control rod: lowered, core absorvs neutrons, slow down reaction: preventing explosion |
| Water Prep- fission | pump cool H20 in -2H20:steam -H20: cool reaction, prevents overheating |
| Cooling Tower- fission | place for steam from turbine |
| Fission-nonrewable, but cleaner | uranium is limited no air polluted(P.N, SOx,NOx,CO2,CH4): just water vapor |
| Possibility of Meltdown (explosion) | radioactive contamination |
| Drawbacks | spent full rods: radioactive for 1,000 years (Pb containers), can contaminate |
Created by:
japple