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Environmental Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. An example of a neurotoxin is | lead |
| 2. About what portion of world freshwater withdrawals is used for agriculture? | 2/3 |
| 3. Vitamin A deficiencies are associated with | Blindness |
| 4. Pest organisms tend to be | Generalist species |
| 5. Rill erosion can lead to | Gully erosion |
| 6. Which of the following does NOT describe the status of the world's wild fisheries? | Fish fanning has allowed some wild fish to recover worldwide |
| 7. What is the correct order of the soil horizons from top down? | 0,A, E, B |
| 8. Which is the BEST cropping method for reducing erosion? | Rotating com, wheat and clover |
| 9. Below a caloric intake of ___ kcal per day, on average, a person is considered chronically undernourished. | 2,200 |
| 10. In developing countries, the farm workers who account for the majority of illness and death from the most toxic agricultural chemicals are usually the workers who | Handpick fruits and vegetables |
| 11. Toxins are problematic because by definition they are | poisonous and harmful at low doses. |
| 12. Which of the following is NOT a component of soil texture? | Organics |
| 13. _______ , rather than ______ , are becoming the leading causes of disability and premature death worldwide. | Chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease; infectious diseases such as malaria |
| 14. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of GMO crops? | Pollen containing the engineered gene spreading to other crops that do not contain the engineered gene, making them stronger. |
| 15. Which of the following is not a problem with generalizing the results of LOSO to humans? | Smaller species generally have reactions that are more sensitive. |
| 16. Inorganic pesticides are generally | Highly toxic and remain in the soil for a long time |
| 17. Increases in maize and soy production have led to __ | an increased consumption of meat. |
| 18. Pesticide resistance | has arisen in hundreds of species. |
| 19. Evidence suggests that children and adults typically have | different sensitivities. with children's higher |
| 20. Examples of ways that pesticide use can be reduced include | crop rotation and biological control. |
| 21. The most common dietary problem in rich countries is | overeating |
| 22. Behavioral changes as an alternative to current pesticide use would NOT include | Switch to a herbicide tolerant GMO crop |
| 23. If solubility is an important characteristic in toxic material movement in the environment and body, which of the following statements is true? | Oil-soluble compounds accumulate in the body. |
| 24. Reduced tillage agricultural systems | consume less energy than conventional systems and lead to less soil degradation. |
| 25. Which of the following usually has the MOST intensive use of pesticides? | A golf course |
| 26. Which of the following diseases CANNOT be decreased with the use of insecticides in the environment? | Bronchitis |
| 27. Humans use pesticides | because, like other organisms, they are competing with other species for food and survival and to maintain yields and protect crops from insect outbreaks. |
| 28. Some particles or cells cause immune responses when your body's white blood cells recognize them as foreign objects. These are known as | Antigens |
| 30. Morbidity is another word for | Illness |
| 31. Hazardous substances ______ while toxins are _____ _ | Are dangerous substances; poisonous substances |
| 32. An LD50 is a dose of a toxic chemical that | Kills half of the population |
| 33. Persistent pollutants tend to accumulate in polar regions because | they evaporate in warm areas and condense in cold areas |
| 34. The three crops that provide the majority of humanity's nutrients and calories are | wheat, rice, and com |
| 35. If fishing demands continue at the current rate, by which year will the world's major fisheries collapse? | 2050 |
| 36. An interaction between substances which exacerbates their effects is known as | synergism. |
| 37. Anemia is a common disease resulting from a shortage of dietary | Iron |
| 38. Which of the following is the most correct definition of soil? | . A complex mixture of organic matter, minerals, and living organisms |
| 39. Topsoil contains predominantly | Mixed organic material and mineral particles |
| 40. Wind erosion is most likely to cause problems in | Open, arid regions |
| 41. Food security has to do with | The ability of a population to obtain food on a day-to-day basis. |
| 42. In developed countries, the most recent increases in agricultural productivity have come from | Irrigation, increased ferilization, and new crop varieties |
| 43. The efficiency of irrigation water use is ___ in most countries. One of the reasons for this is ___ | Low; evaporative losses from unprotected water channeling |
| 44. Contour plowing and strip fanning are methods designed to | Prevent water and soil loss |
| 45. Among the most important characteristics of chemicals in determining their environmental risks is/are | Solubility, Reactivity, Persistence, Toxicity All of these |
| 46. People who subsist on starchy foods, such as cassava, potatoes, and white rice | Often receive insufficient protein |
| 47. How many substances is the EPA responsible for monitoring? | 275 |
| 48. Why is it useful to classify pesticides by their chemical structure? | Similar chemical structures often relate to similar toxicological characteristics |
| 49. Pesticide resistance occurs when a population of pests | Genetically changes (through natural selection) and is no longer affected by the chemicals |
| 50. Fat-soluble contaminants | Commonly biomagnify from lower to higher trophic levels |
| 51. Integrated pest management utilizes | an ecologically-based approach to pest management |
| 52. With respect to chemical pest controls, integrated pest management (1PM) uses | The minimum amount necessary as a last resort |
| 53. Individuals represented by the right end of the dose/response curve (responding to doses between 30 and 40 ppm) are _____ to the chemical. | Very insensitive |
| 54. Obesity affects primarily | wealthy, developed nations |
| 55. Pest resurgence is part of the problem of pesticide resistance and happens when a pest organism | That is tolerant to the pesticide survives and produces tolerant offspring |
| 56. A group of cells that grow extremely fast and begin to obstruct other cells' functions is known as | A malignant tumor |
| 57. Endocrine disruptors | Disrupt normal hormone functions |
| 58. Biomagnification is a concentration of toxins | within cells of predators as they consume and store the toxins that were in the bodies of their prey. |
| 59. A drawback of aquaculture in net pens is _____ _ | increased feces and waste in localized shoreline area. increased disease transmission between the fanned fish and the native fish in the area. scape of exotic species into new ecosystems. All of these are correct |
| 60. Significant agricultural monetary losses are due to the destruction of __ through pesticide spray drift and residues on flowers. | Honeybees |
| 62. DDT accumulation distrupted calcium metabolism in the North American eagle, as well as other birds, causing | Thin eggshells |
| 63. Annual row crops such as _____ cause the highest erosion rates because ____ | Com and beans; soil is left bare for the majority of the year |
| 64. A broad-spectrum biocide is designed to kill | A wide range of living organisms |
| 65. Which of the following CANNOT be found in soil? | Fungus and algae, Algae and bacteria, Insects and bacteria, Insects and fungus All of these are found in soil |
| 66. A diet inadequate in iron produces a condition called | anemia |
| 67. Which of the following practices contributes the least to antibiotic or pesticide resistance? | A person takes the full course of the appropriate antibiotic when she has a bacterial infection. |
| 68. Chronic effects of a toxic response | Can last a long time or be permanent |
| 69. Which of the following pesticide types is extremely toxic to workers who apply them? | Fumigants |
| 70. Worldwide, traditional, and native varieties of food crops have revolution varieties. | Been widely replaced by new varieties |
| 71. Bioaccumulation is a term that describes the way cells | Selectively absorb and store molecules |
| 72. New revisions in the food pyramid recommend | increasing consumption of nuts, legumes, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. |
| 73. Highly persistent toxic chemicals | Retain their toxicity as they cycle through the food chain and environment |
| 74. What percentage of processed food in the U.S. contains a GMO ingredient? | 60% |
| 75. When a new pesticide is developed the best thing to do is to use it | Sparingly, so pests will not develop a resistance |
| 76. High responder crops of the green revolution produce tremendous yields | In response to fertilizers, pesticides and irrigation. |
| 77. The parent material layer of a soil is composed of weathered __ | Rock fragments |
| 78. Health organizations now use the ______ , a tool to _________ _ | DALY;judge the total impact of the disease rather than only measuring how many people die |
| 79. The richest fanning soils that form under the grasslands of central North America and under moist deciduous forests are the | Mollisols and alfisols |
| 80. Soil organisms usually stay ____ the soil. | Close to the surface of |
| 81. The saying "the dose makes the poison" means that | Nearly anything can be toxic at some level |
| 82. Most people do their own personal risk assessments based upon | Personal biases and preferences as well as logic |
| 83. Radiation can act as a mutagen because it | Damages genetic material in cells |
| 84. What are two common diseases that result from protein deficiencies? | Marasmus and kwashiorkor |
| 85. Famines are most often serious when there is | Armed conflict and political oppression. |
| 86. MRSA is an example of | antibiotic resistant bacteria |
| 87. People can suffer malnourishment if they consume large amounts of ___ instead of __ | Fat and sugar, vitamins and protein |
| 88. Which of the following is NOT a correct match? | B Horizon: Parent Material |
| 90. Fetal alcohol syndrome is caused by exposure to a(n) | Teratogen |
| 91. DDT is a | Chlorinated hydrocarbon (organochloride) |
| 92. The dose/response curve shows that | Some exposure is necessary before most individuals respond |
Created by:
Razorbacks