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Bio 1082 Prev Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What statement about the beak size of finches on the island of Daphne Major during prolonged drought is true? | Each bird's survival was strongly influenced by the depth and strength of its beak as the drought persisted |
| Humans and African apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas) share traits, such as elongated skulls and shortened canine teeth, which other related species do not have. These shared characteristics are called | synapomorphies |
| Touch sensation and hearing sensation are distinguished by | the part of the brain that receives the signal |
| Two outwardly dissimilar groups, the ________ and the chordates, constitute the deuterostomes | echinoderms |
| Breathing is stimulated when chemoreceptors near the heart sense that the blood _________ decreases | pH |
| The key point in Darwin's proposal is that the ______ imposes the conditions that determine the direction of selection. | environment |
| At higher elevation humans have difficulty breathing because | the partial pressure of O2 is lower |
| What is true about ecosystems? | energy flows and nutrients cycle |
| A group is consider monophyletic if | all members of the group share a common ancestor that is included in the group. |
| Random genetic drift would probably have greatest effect on a | small, isolated population |
| Moving fresh water over a respiratory surface improves gas exchange by | increasing the concentration difference |
| The development of the xylem helped land plants to | grow to very large sizes |
| ________ is released into the synapse at the neuromuscular junction | acetylcholine |
| Regulates movement of mineral ions into root xylem | endodermis |
| Reptiles can maintain their internal body temperature by | behavioral mechanisms |
| Domestication of dogs has led to | a variety of phenotypes |
| Select the pairs of organism characteristics that are homologous structures. | human hand bones; whale fin bones |
| Evidence suggests that the crocodiles are more closely related to the birds than the turtles and snakes. If so, then including crocodiles, but not birds, in the Class Reptilia would make the class Reptilia | a paraphyletic group |
| Movement of Na+ into a neuron causes | depolarization |
| Regarding oxygen uptake ______ have the most efficient lungs | birds |
| Reproductive success of an individual is known as | fitness |
| When differentiation occurs, cell do not change their | genetic content |
| ___ is the least soluble in water | uric acid |
| The loop of Henle allows mammals to produce a(n) _______ urine | hypertonic |
| During this initial period of division in a zygote, there is no increase in the overall size of the embryo | cleavage |
| Which of the following would be expected to have the largest species richness? | a large island near the mainland |
| Two parents who do not have sickle cell anemia have a child that has the disease. The parents are both | heterozygous for the sickle cell allele |
| You notice that a new houseplant sends out long stems with what look like "little plants" attached. You allow one of these to rest in a cup of water and note that roots form. This is an example of | asexual reproduction |
| The most common mechanism for sympatric speciation in plants is | polyploidy |
| Exteroreceptors do NOT sense | muscle tension |
| Long-term associations of two different species are termed ______ | symbiotic |
| What would result if an error inside gastrulation caused too few cells inside the archenteron? | Too little endoderm, resulting in missing gut and organs |
| The brain and the spine are parts of the ______ nervous system | central |
| A shared derived trait, used as the basis for inferring a monophyletic group, is called | a synapomorphy |
| Which is true about an open circulatory system? | Tissue fluid bathes the tissues directly |
| The ultimate source of cells that contribute to growth in length of stem or root is the | apical meristem |
| The genetic preservation of the features that increase the likelihood of survival and reproduction of some individuals within a population is called the process of | natural selection |
| Which protostome phylum are segmented, bilaterally symmetric, and have a chitinous exoskeleton? | Arthropods |
| ______ is a density-independent factor on a population | Weather |
| ____ acts as markers of self | Major histocompatibility complex proteins |
| The pressure flow model of translocation depends entirely on the existence of mechanisms for loading sugars into phloem at the _______ regions and for unloading them at _______ regions | source, sink |
| A resting neuron is more permeable to | K+ |
| _______ species typically have a delayed reproductive stage and have smaller numbers of slowly maturing offspring | K-selected |
| Pore in leaves that regulates gas exchange | stoma |
| A fertilized egg is called a | zygote |
| Activated helper T cells are able to release _______ | cytokines |
| Autoimmune disorders rheumatoid arthritis and lupus result from | the immune system is attacking the body's own tissues |
| Two bird species have different mating calls, occupy different habitats in nature, and why they hybridize the hybrids are infertile. Which isolating mechanisms maintain these species? | ecological isolation, behavioral isolation, and hybrid sterility |
| ______ is NOT an example of secondary succession | Rocks in woods covered by mouses and lichens |
| Males of many marsupial species have forked penises that are incompatible with the anatomy of female placental mammals. What type of isolating mechanism does this represent? | mechanical incompatibility |
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pendleem